An electron microscopic study of the lymphatic vessels in the penile skin of the rat

Fraley, Elwin E.; Weiss, Leon

doi:10.1002/aja.1001090107

Cited by 75 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition the basement membrane seems to select against particles the size of ferritin molecules or larger [Alksne, 1959;Farquhar et al, 1961;Majno and Palade, 1961;Farquhar and Palade, 1962]. This structure is much less important for lymphatics as they either do not possess one at all, or have one which is much more tenuous than those of the blood vessels [Casley-Smith and Florey, 1961;Fraley and Weiss, 1961]. The connective tissues in general have also been shown to possess some selectivity [McMaster andParsons, 1949-1950;Ruznyak et al, 1960].…”

Section: Casley-smith 374mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, in normal blood vascular endothelium [Palade, 1953;Buck, 1958;Bennett et al, 1959] and in lymphatics in relatively motionless regions [Fraley and Weiss, 1961;Casley-Smith, 1961; Casley-Smith and Florey, 1961] open junctions are very rare. It is evident that large particles and even cells [French et al, 1960;Casley-Smith, 1961;Marchesi, 1961;Marchesi and Florey, 1960] Vesicles.-In most blood vessels and in lymphatics which possess few open junctions, vesicles are the only route by which some substances can traverse the endothelium.…”

Section: Casley-smith 374mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial Permeability‐the Passage of Particles Into and Out of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Casley‐Smith

1964

Exp Physiol

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The passage of particles from the peritoneal cavities of mice into their diaphragmatic lymphatics, and from these vessels into the peri‐lymphatic connective tissues has been studied. The particles used were chylomicra, carbon, lipoproteins, thorium dioxide and ferritin. Particles passed through the endothelial layers via open intercellular junctions, small (50 m, µ) and large (0‐1‐1 µ) vesicles, and directly through the cytoplasm. Quantitative interpretation of the electron micrographs was difficult, but it was possible to observe gross differences between the amounts of the various particles which traversed the endothelium by each of these routes. The routes also varied markedly in their importance. Open junctions were of overwhelming importance for the passage of all the particles from the peritoneal cavity; some of the particles used them relatively very little when they passed out of the lymphatics. The open junctions probably alter in size with the respiratory inovements of the diaphragm. This would permit the lymphatics to act as pumps, with the flaps of endothelium as "inlet valves". The large vesicles were of two kinds. Some contained chylomicra which they seemed to transport rapidly across the cells. Others were probably formed by the coalescence of many small vesicles and the agglutination of their contents. These large vesicles lost little material and remained in the cells for at least 12 weeks (the longest period studied). They grew larger and denser as time went by. The endothelial cells which contained these vesicles appeared eventually to leave the lymphatics and lodge in the connective tissue.

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Section: Casley-smith 374mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Casley-smith 374mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Permeability‐the Passage of Particles Into and Out of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Casley‐Smith

1964

Exp Physiol

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“…Hitherto, ultrastructural observations on normal lymphatic vessels in which there were good grounds to infer that they were actively absorbing materials from the extracellular space have been confined largely to the lacteals of the intestinal villi [Casley-Smith, 1962;Palay and Karlin, 1959a and b;Papp et al, 1962] and to the lymphatics of the diaphragm [Casley-Smith, 1964;Casley-Smith and Florey, 1962;French et al, 1960] Smith and Florey, 1961;Fraley and Weiss, 1961], have opened in the manner of 'flap valves' in response to the tissue pressure being higher than the lymphatic, to permit the passage of materials into the lymphatic lumen [Casley- Smith, 1962Smith, , 1964French et al, 1960;Leak and Burke, 1966;Papp et al, 1962]. It is implicit in this assumption that any rise in intralymphatic pressure that would cause the passage of fluid out of the lumen back into the tissues would close the flap valves more or less immediately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Function of Lymphatic Vessels of the Bat's Wing

Cliff

Nicoll

1970

Exp Physiol

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The lymphatics of the bat's wing could be separated in vivo into two morphologically and functionally distinct types. Vessels selected for subsequent electron microscopy were labelled in vivo with Berlin blue which could be readily identified in the electron microscope. The terminal bulbs which are responsible for absorption of fluid and particles from the tissues have walls composed of a single layer of endothelium lined on its abluminal surface by a generally tenuous condensation of fibrillar material. Absorption is considered to occur through large gaps present in the endothelial lining. Although the endothelial junctions have no specialized attachment zones, no evidence was obtained for any flap-valve action in these regions. No gaps were found in the endothelial layers of the collecting and transport channels. The transport channels which are contractile and are responsible for the propulsion of lymph in vivo contain smooth muscle cells in their walls. These cells are not innervated. The cusps of the lymphatic valves are simply two layers of endothelium separated by a narrow zone containing fine fibrillar material. The endothelial cells are phagocytic to the marker particles.The lymphatic system of vertebrates is responsible for the reabsorption of part of the water and electrolytes and most of the proteins that are continuously leaving the minute blood vessels to bathe the cells of the body tissues [Drinker, 1946;Courtice and Morris, 1955]. The importance of this function can be appreciated in the rapid deterioration in the condition of animals and human beings with chronic thoracic duct fistulae which are draining large quantities of lymph to the exterior Drinker, 1946]. Lymphatics of the tissues, in order to fulfil their physiological role, must have two important properties. One is to be able to collect fluid from the tissues, and the other is to move the fluid away from the site of collection and back, generally via the thoracic duct, into the circulating blood stream. Valuable information has been obtained from in vivo observations of lymphatic function in the amphibian tail [Clark, 1912;Clark and Clark, 1920], in the rabbit ear chamber [Clark and Clark, 1932, 1933, 1937, in rat mesentery [Webb, 1933], in the mouse ear [McMaster, 1947;Pullinger and Florey, 1935], in a variety of acute dissected preparations in mammals [Florey, 1927;Pullinger and Florey, 1935;Smith, 1949] and in the membrane of the bat's wing [Webb and Nicoll, 1944]. There has not been any direct extension of in vivo observations such as these so as to correlate observed physiological function with ultrastructural morphology on the identical vessel. The present experiments were performed to relate the in vivo properties of selected lymphatic vessels in the wing membrane of the bat with their ultrastructure observed after fixation and embedding for electron microscopy.

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“…Numerous physiological studies light and ultrastructural levels . Despite a number have since demonstrated the varied permeability of ultrastructural observations on delicate lymphat-ics (Fraley and Weiss, 1961 ;Casley-Smith and Florey, 1961), a consistent interpretation of their structure and of permeability has not yet evolved .…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on the Permeability of Lymphatic Capillaries

Leak

1971

The Journal of Cell Biology

129

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The passageway for interstitial fluids and large molecules across the connective tissue lymph interface has been investigated in dermal lymphatic capillaries in the ears of guinea pigs . Numerous endothelial cells overlap extensively at their margins and lack adhesion devices at many points . The observations suggest that these sites are free to move as a result of slight pressure changes . Immediately following interstitial injections of tracer particles (ferritin, thorium, carbon, and latex spheres), many of the overlapped endothelial cells are separated and thus passageways are provided between the interstitium and lymphatic lumen . Tracer particles also occur in plasmalemmal invaginations along both connective tissue and luminal fronts . All of the tracer particles accumulate within large autophagic-like vacuoles . Very few particles of ferritin are observed in the endothelium after 24 hr ; however, the vesicles containing the nonprotein tracer particles (carbon, thorium, and latex) increase in size and content and remain within the lymphatic endothelial cells up to 6 months . The role of vesicles in the transport of large molecules and particles is discussed in relation to the accretion of tracer particles within large vesicles and autophagic-like vacuoles in the endothelial cytoplasm.

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An electron microscopic study of the lymphatic vessels in the penile skin of the rat

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Endothelial Permeability‐the Passage of Particles Into and Out of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Endothelial Permeability‐the Passage of Particles Into and Out of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Structure and Function of Lymphatic Vessels of the Bat's Wing

Studies on the Permeability of Lymphatic Capillaries

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