An electron impact storage ion source for time-of-flight mass spectrometers

Grix, R.; Grüner, U.; Li, G.; Stroh, H.; Wöllnik, H.

doi:10.1016/0168-1176(89)80121-1

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Coggiola et al (2000) presented a thermal vaporisation-EI aerosol mass spectrometer that held the ions produced in a potential well before being ejected by a short ≈100 ns voltage pulse that provided the start of the TOF in the mass spectrometer (Grix et al, 1989). The voltage pulses were gated by an optical particle detector located in the particle beam.…”

Section: Thermal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Methods for Arosol Composition Masurements

Coe¹,

Allan²

2006

Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurement

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Section: Thermal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Methods for Arosol Composition Masurements

Coe¹,

Allan²

2006

Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurement

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“…Wollnik 18 has employed a simple electrostatic trap within an electron ionization source while Lubman 19 has used a more complex arrangement with a Paul ion trap to accumulate ions from an external ion source prior to their injection into a reflecting TOFMS.…”

Section: Orthogonal Acceleration Tofmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

Guilhaus

Mlynski

Selby

1997

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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In the 1990s time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has reestablished itself as a mainstream technique in mass spectrometry. There have been several developments which have contributed to this. The development of the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a pulsed ionization method, has provided a user-friendly, low-cost window on the high mass regime for the molecular biologist. The availability of high-speed computers has allowed efficient processing of TOF data on the microsecond time-scale. The emergence of practical ion optical approaches for space, time and velocity focusing have improved the resolving power and sensitivity of TOFMS far beyond its limited performance in previous decades. The technique of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has returned as a prominent mass analysis method. TOFMS can be advantageous compared to scanning technologies because of its 'unlimited' mass range, high speed and the potential for high duty factors (% of ions formed that are detected). Two important causes for the renewed activity in TOFMS can be identified: (i) The development of and need for new ionization methods capable of generating ions of structural significance from high molecular weight materials. In particular, developments in ion sources for molecular biology provide a strong driving force for TOFMS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 1 and electrospray ionization (ESI) 2 have been prominent in this regard. (ii) The facilitating technologies for TOFMS have advanced dramatically during the past decade. These include affordable pulsed lasers, nanosecond digitizers, focal plane detectors and microcomputing power.The convergence of the need for high mass analysis with the availability of the necessary technology has been perfectly timed. But the recent successes of TOFMS must equally be attributed to research directed at overcoming the physical limitations inherent in the TOFMS experiment. Dispersions in the initial position, time and velocity of the ion population severely limited the resolving power of early TOFMS instruments. Inefficient production, gating and detection of ion packets have, until recently, placed considerable constraints on the sensitivity of the TOF mass analyser. The need to form discrete packets of ions has provided a challenge in the coupling of continuous ion sources to TOFMS.The development of the ion mirror (or reflectron) 3 and the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-TOFMS) 4-6 have been key stages in the revival of TOFMS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO TOFMS RENAISSANCEThe simplicity of the physical principles of TOFMS underpin its current successes. The mass-velocity relationship for constant energy ions and the electrostatic force on a charge when combined with Newtonian mechanics provide the foundations of all TOFMS equations:force on a charge in an electric field F = ma Newton's second law a = Eq/m acceleration in a constant electric field where q = charge; V = electrical potential through which an ion having ch...

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“…Essentially, for Gaussian spreads in so, uo and t o , the relative probability that an ion with a particular so and uo will arrive at a time z can be obtained from the product of three exponential terms (Gaussians) whose values diminish as the variables deviate from their respective averages. Numerical integration of the probability function over so and uo gives the peak shape f (7) in which C is a scaling constant: One advantage of this type of calculation is that it can reveal the contribution to the peak shape from individual dispersions. The transform operator can be augmented with the equations for extended TOFMS instrument geometries such as those incorporating ion mirror.…”

Section: Overall Peak Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Special feature: Tutorial. Principles and instrumentation in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Physical and instrumental concepts

1995

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The principles of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) are described with a view to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this method of mass analysis in the context of current applications of mass spectrometry and the more familiar scanning instruments. Fundamental and instrumental factors affecting resolving power, sensitivity and speed are examined. Methods of gating ion populations and the special requirements in the detection and digitisation of the signals in the TOFMS experiment are discussed.

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An electron impact storage ion source for time-of-flight mass spectrometers

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

Mass Spectrometric Methods for Arosol Composition Masurements

Mass Spectrometric Methods for Arosol Composition Masurements

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

Special feature: Tutorial. Principles and instrumentation in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Physical and instrumental concepts

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