An Electromyographical Analysis of Purposive Muscle Activity and Appearance of Muscle Silent Period in Archery Shooting

Nishizono, Hidetsugu; Nakagawa, Koya; Suda, Toshio; Saito, Katsumasa

doi:10.7600/jspfsm1949.33.17

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…During the full draw, aiming, and release techniques, scapular joint is supposed to retract and depress to achieve proper shooting technique in archery (8). By interpreting the findings of the current study, the most proper use of the scapular joint occurred during the three-finger hook technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…An archer pushes the bow with an extended arm, which is statically held in the direction of the target, while the other arm exerts a dynamic pulling of the bowstring from the beginning of the drawing phase, until the release is dynamically executed (5). The release phase must be highly reproducible and well balanced to achieve the desired results in a competition (8). In particular, a repeated contraction and relaxation strategy in the forearm and pull finger muscles should be developed for this reason.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discipline is described as a six-phase movement. Each of these phases represents a stable sequence of movements and is ideal for studying motor control and skills acquired during this voluntary kinetic and kinematic process (8). An archer pushes the bow with an extended arm, which is statically held in the direction of the target, while the other arm exerts a dynamic pulling of the bowstring from the beginning of the drawing phase, until the release is dynamically executed (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The different release techniques in high level archery: A comparative case study

SIMSEK¹,

Ertan²

2014

TJSE

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The muscle-contraction strategy between the predominant forearm and pull finger used in archery is defined as a response to the fall of the "clicker" by active contraction of the m. extensor digitorum (MED) and the gradual relaxation of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (MFDS). However, there are no studies regarding whether different finger placement techniques on the bowstring have an effect on proper balance between the forearm flexor/extensor muscles. This different hook strategy (upper two fingers, lower two fingers, and three finger hook) may affect isometric contraction before the snap of the clicker, which is thought to have positive effects on archer performance (muscle activation and balance). The purpose of this study is to make a more detailed analysis of the different hook strategy performed by a particular top-level archer and to consider the advantages this strategy may have on bowstring behavior after release. A high-level archer (FITA scores > 1300) volunteered to participate in this study. The subject engaged in a single test session consisting of six shots. The electromyography (EMG) activity of the drawing arm muscle was quantified. The finger hook has affected isometric contraction before the snap of the clicker and caused sudden contraction of extensor, gradually relaxation of flexor muscles. The study results found that this three finger hook strategy can be used in the drawing arm with success, as it may avoid causing a lateral deflection of the bowstring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The different release techniques in high level archery: A comparative case study

SIMSEK¹,

Ertan²

2014

TJSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, an active contraction of MFDS was observed approximately 200 ms after the snap of the clicker and just after the period of sudden relaxation. From high-speed film observation it is known that the bowstring travels past the fingertips within a time period of about 60 ms [2]. The activation of the archer's MFDS consequently does not further influence bowstring travel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release phase must be well balanced and highly reproducible in order to perform well in competition [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Variation of Bowstring Release in High Level Archery: A Comparative Case Study

Ertan¹,

Knicker²,

Soylu³

et al. 2011

Human Movement

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Purpose. The muscle-contraction strategy between the predominant forearm and pull finger used in archery is defined as a response to the fall of the "clicker" by active contraction of the m. extensor digitorum (MED) and the gradual relaxation of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (MFDS). However, one archer with a long-term high performance history makes use of an entirely different strategy, which is thought to have positive effects on her performance. The purpose of this study was to make a more detailed analysis of the contraction strategy performed by this particular top-level archer and to consider the advantages this strategy may have on bowstring behaviour after release. Methods. A high level (world-class) archer volunteered to participate in this study. The subject has been ranked in the top 20 in the world and as one of the top 3 archers in Europe for almost two decades. The subject has a personal best score of 1354 points (pts) in a qualification round as well as receiving 168 pts in an 18-arrow match. The subject engaged in a single test session consisting of 12 shots. EMG activity of the MFDS and MED were quantified. Results. The subject's MFDS was found to be clearly relaxed even ~ 100 ms after the snap of the clicker was heard. The subject also showed a gradual relaxation of the MED after the snap of the clicker. Conclusion. The study results found that this different type of contraction-relaxation strategy can be used in the drawing arm with success, as it may avoid causing a lateral deflection of the bowstring.

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Multivariate assessments of activity‐related skeletal changes: Interpreting Bell Beaker specialized male archery and social organization in Central Europe

Ryan‐Despraz

Villotte

Desideri

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesThe Bell Beaker period witnessed the rise of individual inhumations with “wealthy” burial contexts containing archery‐related grave goods, leading archaeologists to label the individuals in these tombs as “archers.” This study looks to (1) compare the skeletons from male “archer” burials with those from male “non‐archer” burials—those not having archery‐related grave goods—in order to assess a possible link between burial context and physical activity, and (2) apply a biomechanics profile to evaluate whether the individuals associated with these “archer” burials practiced specialized archer activity.Materials and MethodsThe corpus (males only) included 46 “archers” and 40 “non‐archers” from Bell Beaker individual inhumations. Osteological data included measurements, scores of entheseal changes, and a diagnosis of certain pathologies. Data analyses involved visual observations, hypothesis tests, dimension reduction, and MANOVA, with approaches aimed at exploring the treatment of data missingness.ResultsMeasurement data revealed no differences between the two groups. Evaluations of entheseal changes found that “non‐archers” had consistently more instances of bone surface modifications than “archers.” Individual assessments of specialized archer occupation identified 11 possible specialized archers.DiscussionThese findings indicate a possible labor differentiation represented through the presence of a probably prestigious “archer” burial context. This suggests a link between grave good presence and labor, but not between a Bell Beaker archery occupation and an “archer” burial context. Data analyses support the application of biomechanics to osteological analyses in order to assess specialized activity on the skeleton.

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An Electromyographical Analysis of Purposive Muscle Activity and Appearance of Muscle Silent Period in Archery Shooting

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

The different release techniques in high level archery: A comparative case study

The different release techniques in high level archery: A comparative case study

Individual Variation of Bowstring Release in High Level Archery: A Comparative Case Study

Multivariate assessments of activity‐related skeletal changes: Interpreting Bell Beaker specialized male archery and social organization in Central Europe

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