An electrochemical study of samarium ions in the molten eutectic LiCl+KCl

Thermodynamic Properties of Lanthanides and Actinides for Reductive Extraction of Minor Actinides

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In the case of lanthanide trichlorides, a systematic variation in the excess free energy of formation has been observed, in which the excess free energies depend on the inverse ionic radii of metal ions.…”

“…For comparison, the excess enthalpy and entropy changes of these chlorides are obtained from the reported activity coefficients, as summarized in Table 1, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and are plotted against the inverse ionic radii 15) of metal ions in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.…”

“…Missing values of the activity coefficients of these metal chlorides can then be estimated from these correlations, though further studies are needed for a possible difference between lanthanides and actinides. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and the curve represents the least-squares fitting of the lanthanide data to Eq. (10).…”

A new approach for the preparation of variable valence rare earth alloys from nano rare earth oxides at a low temperature in molten salt

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the past decades, the raw materials for the preparation of variable valence RE alloys are RE chlorides and fluorides, obtained via the chlorination and fluorination of RE oxides. However, toxic and corrosive HCl and HF have to be bubbled into the melts to avoid the formation of RE 2 O 3 precipitates during the electrolysis process, because RE(III) is very sensitive to O 22 ions. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the route using chlorides and fluorides as precursors, some researchers have achieved metals, nonmetals, or alloys from their respective oxides via electrochemical reduction in molten salts.…”

Electrochemistry of Tm(III) and Yb(III) in Molten Salts

“…Special attention is devoted to rare earth elements (REE) mainly due to its neutronic poison effect and the high content into the spend fuel. In addition, REE have similar chemical properties [Bermejo et al, 2006[Bermejo et al, , 2007[Bermejo et al, , 2008a[Bermejo et al, , 2008bCastrillejo et al, 2005aCastrillejo et al, , 2005bCastrillejo et al, , 2005cCastrillejo et al, , 2009De Cordoba et al, 2004Kuznetsov et al, 2006;Smolenski et al, 2008aSmolenski et al, , 2008b] to those of actinides [Fusselman et al, 1999;Morss, 2008;Osipenko et al, 2010Osipenko et al, , 2011Roy et al, 1996;Sakamura et al, 1998;Serp et al, 2004Serp et al, , 2005aSerp et al, , 2005bSerp et al, , 2006Serrano & Taxil, 1999;Shirai et al, 2000] hence separation between these groups of elements is very difficult. For this reason, a good knowledge of the basic properties of REE in the proposed separation media is very important.…”