An electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensor inspired by glucose test strip manufacturing processes

Vezza, Vincent; Butterworth, Adrian; Lasserre, Perrine; Blair, Ewen O.; MacDonald, Alexander; Hannah, Stuart; Rinaldi, Christopher A.; Hoskisson, Paul A.; Ward, Andrew; Longmuir, Alistair; Setford, Steven; Farmer, Eoghan C. W.; Murphy, Michael E.; Corrigan, Damion K.

doi:10.1039/d1cc00936b

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is attributable to the VPSS viral inactivation medium which contains a surfactant that modifies the electrochemical signal, leading to a non-specific reduction in impedance, contrasted to the non-sample reference measurement performed in SB buffer that affects both positive and negative samples. Furthermore, the drop in impedance seen for inactivated clinical samples is consistent with work previously published within the group using ACE2 modified gold surfaces 29 . Importantly, the results show that a significant degree of change in Rct occurs between the positive and negative samples (p< 0.01, two sample t-test) and that this separation follows the same trend as the laboratory-based study.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterisation Of Thin-film Gold Electrodes (Tfge)supporting

confidence: 89%

“…SEP1 BIOTIP multichannel electrode printed circuit boards (PCB) (Bath, UK) were used for clinical sample testing and prepared according to the procedure described by Vezza et al (2021) 29 . Positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 samples in Viral PCR Sample Solution (VPSS) were obtained from NHS Glasgow Royal Infirmary.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing in clinical samples. Only limited access was available to clinical samples and therefore testing was carried out on a gold multiplexed electrodes format (Biotip PCB) which we had previously used to produce a low-cost SARS-CoV-2 sensor based on ACE2 29 . This allowed a higher throughput of testing per sample, by utilising multiple electrodes within each well.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterisation Of Thin-film Gold Electrodes (Tfge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A SARS-CoV-2 aptasensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and low-cost gold electrode substrates.

Lasserre

Balansethupathy²,

Vezza

et al. 2021

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic practices broadly involve either qPCR based nucleic amplification or lateral flow assays (LFAs). qPCR based techniques suffer from the disadvantage of requiring thermal cycling (difficult to implement for low-cost field use) leading to limitation on sample to answer time, the potential to amplify viral RNA sequences after a person is no longer infectious and being reagent intense. LFA performance is restricted by qualitative or semi-quantitative readouts, limits on sensitivity and poor reproducibility. Electrochemical biosensors, and particularly glucose test strips, present an appealing platform for development of biosensing solutions for SARS-CoV-2 as they can be multiplexed and implemented at very low cost at point of use with high sensitivity and quantitative digital readout. This work reports the successful raising of an Opti-mer sequence for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and then development of an impedimetric biosensor which utilises thin film gold sensors on low-cost laminate substrates from home blood glucose monitoring. Clinically relevant detection levels for SARS-CoV-2 are achieved in a simple, label-free measurement format using sample incubation times of 15 minutes. The biosensor developed here is compatible with mass manufacture, is sensitive and low-cost CE marked readout instruments already exist. These findings pave the way to a low cost and mass manufacturable test with the potential to overcome the limitations associated with current technologies.

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Section: Electrochemical Characterisation Of Thin-film Gold Electrodes (Tfge)supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Characterisation Of Thin-film Gold Electrodes (Tfge)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A SARS-CoV-2 aptasensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and low-cost gold electrode substrates.

Lasserre

Balansethupathy²,

Vezza

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…(3) . This value is lower than for the biosensors in the literature [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ] [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ] [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ] and competitive with the device developed by Rahmadi et al [ 18 ], being also sufficient to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus in real samples, as demonstrated later on.

where S blank is the signal of a control sample, and SD is the standard deviation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…For the presence of the spike proteins is a clear indicator of infection as is the case of the genetic material detected by genosensors or with RT-PCR. This has actually been exploited for SARS-CoV-2 [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection using electrical impedance spectroscopy with an immunosensor to detect the spike protein

Soares

Angelim

et al. 2022

Talanta

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A Simplistic Label‐Free Electrochemical Immunosensing Approach for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 Nucleocapsid Antibodies

Kock,

Du Plooy,

Cloete

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Rapid and precise detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is paramount for effective outbreak monitoring and vaccine efficacy assessment. While existing approaches for antibody detection often rely on complex electrochemical immunosensing with nanomaterial functionalization targeting S‐protein antibodies, their limitations in sensitivity and complexity have hindered widespread application. Here, we present a simplistic immunosensing platform designed for the rapid, and precise detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG and Nucleocapsid antibodies. Notably, this study marks only the second exploration of SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐protein antibody detection. The platform utilizes traditional self‐assembled monolayers to establish selective bio‐affinity between SARS‐CoV‐2 specific Nucleocapsid antibodies and a gold electrode functionalized with the N‐protein antigen. Interestingly, despite the absence of nanomaterial functionalization, the developed platform achieves sensitivity comparable to existing sensors across a wide detection range (0.025 to 1 ng/mL) with an impressive limit of detection (0.019 ng/mL). The simplicity of the approach, relying solely on immunocomplex reactions, underscores that effective binding efficiency may be achieved in the absence of complex functionalization and determines its affordability, specificity, and high sensitivity. By eliminating the need for additional functionalization steps, the platform offers a streamlined solution for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection and demonstrates the possibility of N‐protein antibody detection as a promising avenue for widespread application in SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak monitoring and vaccine efficacy assessment particularly in underdeveloped regions.

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An electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensor inspired by glucose test strip manufacturing processes

Abstract: Vincent J Vezzaa, Adrian Butterwortha, Perrine Lasserrea, Ewen O Blaira, Alexander MacDonalda, Stuart Hannaha, Christopher Rinaldib, Paul A Hoskissonc, Andrew C Wardd, Alistair Longmuire, Steven Setforde, Eoghan CW Farmerf, Michael...

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

A SARS-CoV-2 aptasensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and low-cost gold electrode substrates.

A SARS-CoV-2 aptasensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and low-cost gold electrode substrates.

Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection using electrical impedance spectroscopy with an immunosensor to detect the spike protein

A Simplistic Label‐Free Electrochemical Immunosensing Approach for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 Nucleocapsid Antibodies

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