An electrochemical nitrogen sensor for iron and steel melts

Hong, Yan; Li, L.S.; Li, F.X.; Zhang, Q.X.; Mao, Y.W.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00284-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The most widely used electrochemical sensor for molten metals is the oxygen sensor for molten steel [60][61][62]. In addition to oxygen sensors, solid electrolyte based sensors for measuring the amount of sulfur [63][64][65] and nitrogen [65,66] in dissolved in steel have been developed.…”

Section: Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary Electrodes for Chromium Vapor Sensors

Fergus¹,

Shahzad²,

Britt³

2018

ECS Trans.

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Section: Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary Electrodes for Chromium Vapor Sensors

Fergus¹,

Shahzad²,

Britt³

2018

ECS Trans.

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“…In addition to oxygen sensors, sensors for measuring the amounts of sulfur [419][420][421] and nitrogen [421,422] dissolved in steel have also been developed.…”

Section: Log Current (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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