An Electrochemical Neutralization Cell for Spontaneous Water Desalination

Bhat, Zahid Manzoor; Pandit, Deepraj; Ardo, Shane; Thimmappa, Ravikumar; Kottaichamy, Alagar Raja; Dargily, Neethu Christudas; Devendrachari, Mruthunjayachari Chattanahalli; Thotiyl, Musthafa Ottakam

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.001

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The flexible h‐ZnQB exhibits a high open circuit potential of 1.74 V (Figure S34a, Supporting Information), which is higher than that of flexible aqueous‐based batteries, implying that the acid‐alkali hybrid electrolyte design can enhance the voltage of the battery, which is due to the contribution of electrochemical neutralization energy. [ 20 ] The flexible h‐ZnQB exhibits excellent flexibility without voltage drop (Figure S34b and Videos S1, Supporting Information). The flexible ZnQB with alkaline gel electrolyte shows an open‐circuit voltage of about 1.2 V (Figure S35a, Supporting Information), which is much lower than that of flexible h‐ZnQB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub‐1 nm MoC Quantum Dots Decorating N‐Doped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalysts of Flexible Hybrid Alkali–Acid Zn‐Quinone Battery

Cai

Huang

et al. 2022

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The development of flexible energy devices is envisaged to revolutionize the next generation of the wearable electronics industry, the practical application yet faces critical issues of low power density, poor cycling stability, and low energy density. Herein, the authors report a newly flexible hybrid Zn‐quinone battery (h‐ZnQB) with acidic gel in the cathode and alkaline gel in the anode, in which proton (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH–) are served as the ion charge carriers for acidic quinone cathode and alkaline Zn anode. To this end, the nanohybrids of sub‐1 nm MoC quantum dots decorating nitrogen‐doped ultrathin graphene (MoC QDs/NG) are developed as the advanced cathode electrocatalysts toward redox conversion between quinone and hydroquinone (H2Q/Q). Comprehensive characterization studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that high valent Mo species originating from the size‐effects serve as the active sites for the conversion of H2Q/Q, contributing to the impressive catalytic performance. The as‐developed flexible h‐ZnQB displays a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.74 V with a specific capacity of 223.3 mAh g–1 and an energy density of 350 Wh kg–1 at 0.2 A g–1, thanks to the fast kinetics of charge carriers (H+ and OH–), the high activity of the catalyst, and the elaborate design of alkali–acid gel electrolytes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub‐1 nm MoC Quantum Dots Decorating N‐Doped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalysts of Flexible Hybrid Alkali–Acid Zn‐Quinone Battery

Cai

Huang

et al. 2022

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“…For instance, the neutralization reaction (H + + OH À !H 2 O) is enthalpically and entropically favorable with a Gibbs free energy of À 79.88 kJ mol À 1 (298.15 K) as a sum of the enthalpy change (ΔH A = À 55.83 kJ mol À 1 ) and entropic energy (TΔS A = 24.05 kJ mol À 1 ). [22][23][24] In contrast with common electrochemical systems, the entropic heat of this spontaneous reaction is positive and accounts for 30 % of the total Gibbs free energy. This feature allows heat to be harvested from the reaction and the surroundings to perform electrical work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production and Water Desalination with On‐demand Electricity Output Enabled by Electrochemical Neutralization Chemistry

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Angewandte Chemie

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Energy-saving hydrogen production can be achieved by using renewables or decoupling the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction from overall water splitting, which still needs electricity input. We have realized hydrogen production and water desalination with ondemand electricity output via an electrochemical neutralization chemistry strategy that couples acidic hydrogen evolution and alkaline hydrazine oxidation with ionic exchange. The electrochemical neutralization cells allow efficient use of chemical energy and low-grade heat from the surroundings to output 0.81 kWh electricity per m 3 of hydrogen. Cell function can be rapidly switched to electricity output with a high peak power density up to 85.5 mW cm À 2 or spontaneous hydrogen production at a high rate up to 70.1 mol h À 1 m À 2 without breaking cell operation or changing cell configuration. Fast water desalination is simultaneously achieved at a high salt removal rate of 56.1 mol h À 1 m À 2 without an external electricity supply.

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“…Another advantage is the excellent biocompatibility of CFP for in-vitro and in-vivo studies, 16 for biosensing applications, 17,18 tissue engineering, 19 and in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. 20 Globally scalable clean energy [21][22][23] and water purification 24,25 technologies as well as biocompatible systems must operate in aqueous media and, therefore, require carbon support materials that are hydrophilic for long periods of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective hydroxylation of carbon surfaces for long-lasting hydrophilicity by a green chemistry process

Wilsey

Watson

Fasusi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We report the selective hydroxylation of carbon surfaces that rendered initially hydrophobic carbon fiber paper hydrophilic for more than five months. This long time of sustained hydrophilicity is unprecedented. Carbon fiber paper is an inexpensive, electrically conductive, high surface area material that is additionally nontoxic, biocompatible, robust, and scalable. But its hydrophobicity prevents widespread use in aqueous applications. Inhibition of overoxidation of carbon beyond hydroxylation is especially challenging because the first oxidation step is thermodynamically most difficult and subsequent oxidations are much easier. We achieved selectivity for less oxidized hydroxyls over carboxyls by an environmentally friendly, solution-processable, acid-free carbon surface functionalization treatment that is rapid, amenable to large scale applications, and did not damage carbon fibers and their network architectures. The development of this mild, green chemistry carbon surface treatment that provides selectivity for surface hydroxyls transforms the utility of carbon materials.

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An Electrochemical Neutralization Cell for Spontaneous Water Desalination

Cited by 45 publications

References 48 publications

Sub‐1 nm MoC Quantum Dots Decorating N‐Doped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalysts of Flexible Hybrid Alkali–Acid Zn‐Quinone Battery

Sub‐1 nm MoC Quantum Dots Decorating N‐Doped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalysts of Flexible Hybrid Alkali–Acid Zn‐Quinone Battery

Hydrogen Production and Water Desalination with On‐demand Electricity Output Enabled by Electrochemical Neutralization Chemistry

Selective hydroxylation of carbon surfaces for long-lasting hydrophilicity by a green chemistry process

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