An electrochemical immunosensor for ochratoxin A determination in wines based on a monoclonal antibody and paramagnetic microbeads

Disposable electrochemical magneto immunosensor for simultaneous simplified calibration and determination of Ochratoxin A in coffee samples

“…These electrochemical immunosensors for OTA determination, besides the different employed electrochemical techniques, vary in the support for specific antibody immobilization, since an adequate antigen-antibody interaction is improved by the right orientation of the antibody in the sensor surface. In this sense, different strategies have been reported such as immobilization onto the electrode surface, by simple adsorption [2,11,12] or through functionalized electrode surface [13][14][15][16][17], both included in polymer matrices [18][19][20][21][22][23] or by using micro and nano (magnetic) particles [24][25][26][27][28]. The latter use of magnetic beads improves the performance of the immunological reaction due to an increase in the surface area.…”

Electrochemical immunosensor based on bismuth nanocomposite film and cadmium ions functionalized titanium phosphates for the detection of anthrax protective antigen toxin

“…Among all these reported methods, PCR and optical/fluorescence methods provide the required sensitivity and selectivity but have constrain of early detection, easy/simple to operate, sample pretreatment and cost-demanding analytical system. Hence, electrochemical approach/immunosensing for the detection of anthrax is more ideal preference because signal transduction is simple, fast, cost effective, highly sensitive and specific, easy to miniaturize independent of sample turbidity and avoid the prerequisite of costly equipment (Vidal et al, 2012;Gan et al, 2013). Despite the fact, only few reports are available for anthrax PA toxin detection using electrochemical protocols (Aguilar and Sirisena, 2007;Aguilar et al, 2008;Huan at al., 2011;Trouillon et al, 2012;Farrow et al, 2013;Shabani et al, 2013).…”

Thermolysin entrapped in a gold nanoparticles/polymer composite for direct and sensitive conductometric biosensing of ochratoxin A in olive oil

“…Owing to their sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, and possible miniaturization and integration in automated devices, electrochemical biosensors are very promising and are currently the object of intense research. Antibodies [16], specific ligands as aptamers [17][18][19] and artificial receptors as molecularly imprinted polymers [20] have been extensively used for the development of selective electrochemical biosensors for mycotoxins detection. Comparatively, enzymes have been more rarely exploited, although they are cheaper to produce and easier to manipulate than antibodies or aptamers.…”