An electrochemical biosensor for the rapid genetic identification of Musang King durian

Abstract

More than 200 different cultivars of durian exist worldwide but Durio zibethinus or Musang King (MK) is the most premium and prized durian fruit among the recommended varieties. Early identification of this premium variety is critical to protect from non-authentic MK durian cultivars. However, the MK variety's morphological traits are nearly identical to other varieties. Currently, the identification of durian varieties is mostly performed via evaluation of leaf shape, fruit shape, aroma, taste and seed shape and this requires trained personnel for the morphology observation. To enable the rapid identification of the MK variety, PCR amplification of ten durian varieties using six gene candidates from the chloroplast genome was first performed to obtain DNA probes that were specific to the MK durian variety. PCR amplification of ten durian varieties using primers designed confirmed that the nadhA gene sequence showed an obvious difference in the MK variety from other durian varieties. The unique sequence of MK was used as a DNA probe to develop an electrochemical biosensor for the direct identification of the MK durian variety. The electrochemical biosensor was based on the hybridization response of the immobilized DNA probe with the target DNA from the MK variety and was monitored via differential pulse voltammetry technique. Under optimal conditions, the DNA electrochemical biosensor showed a low detection limit at 10% of MK genomic DNA concentration with a wide linear calibration range of 0.05–1.5 µM (R2 = 0.9891) and RSD value of 3.77% (n = 3). The results of the developed DNA biosensor provide high promise for the development of portable sensors employed in the determination of MK variety in the field.

Integrated Supervised Classification of LULC in Identifying Musang King Durian Illegal Farming Location

“…Durian (Durio zibethinus) is the king of fruits (Ei and Ismail 2022;Shamin-Shazwan et al 2022); meanwhile, Musang King Durian (MKD) is known as the king of kings. These days, Mao Shan Wang, also referred to as Musang King (Azizi et al 2022), is the gem in Malaysia's extensive crown of durian types. This highly regarded cultivar has an iconic legacy for its incomparable quality and flavor (Sari et al 2021;Shamin-Shazwan et al 2022).…”