An electrochemical advanced oxidation process for the treatment of urban stormwater

Abstract

Highlights Pre-production of concentrated H 2 O 2 before treatment reduced the system footprint. System design was optimized based on H 2 O 2 generation, storage, and activation. Optimization reduced cost and footprint of electrochemical stormwater treatment.

Prominent Anti-UVC Activity of Lignin Degradation Products

“…There are at least three possible mechanisms of anti-UVC activity of phenylpropanoids: (i) Scavenging of hydroxyl radical, (ii) supplementation of intracellular glutathione, and (iii) repair of cell damage caused by UVC irradiation, or hormetic growth stimulation. The following evidence supports in vivo 36: 2689-2699 (2022) the first mechanism: Tumor cells produce higher amounts of hydrogen peroxide than normal cells (25), and hydrogen peroxide is rapidly converted into hydroxyl radical by UV from an ultraviolet lamp (26). Mathew et al reported that phenylpropanoids scavenge hydroxyl radical more efficiently than superoxide radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical, and gallic acid, a structural unit of tannin, showed slightly higher hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity than vanillin and vanillic acid (17).…”

Surface Processes Control the Fate of Reactive Oxidants Generated by Electrochemical Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide on Stainless-Steel Electrodes

“…For comparison, a typical low-pressure UV lamp employed for UV/H 2 O 2 treatment consumes about 0.37 kWh/mol to produce photons (electrical to UV conversion efficiency = 35%). 69 Considering the inefficient absorption of UV light by H 2 O 2 in natural waters (i.e., more than 95% of the produced UV light is absorbed by other chromophores), 5 the energy consumption for generating • OH by the UV/H 2 O 2 process was estimated as 19 kWh/mol. Therefore, despite the loss of • OH on the stainless-steel surface (∼90%), the energy consumption for producing • OH that participated in the oxidation of aqueous species (i.e., 10 times the energy required to produce • OH) was estimated as 0.5 kWh/mol, which is over an order of magnitude lower than that of point-of-use UV/H 2 O 2 processes.…”

“…For small-scale systems, deposition of minerals on the surfaces of submerged lamps or loss of light emitted by suspended lamps through surface reflection further complicates the activation process. 5 As an alternative, the activation of H 2 O 2 by Fe(II) released from the oxidation of an iron anode has been used for industrial wastewater treatment. 6 Such electro-Fenton systems are impractical for drinking water and many other applications because they only produce high yields of • OH over a relatively narrow acidic pH range (i.e., pH 2−4) due to a shift in the reaction mechanism from one-electron processes that produce • OH to more selective oxidants (e.g., Fe[IV]) as the pH increases.…”

Analysis of the Applications of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms on Reaction Kinetics: A Prospective Study for Advanced Oxidation Processes

“…Among these, electro-Fenton (EF), photo-electro-Fenton (PEF), photo-electro-ChemElectroChem catalysis (PEC), sono-electrolysis (SE), and sono-electro-Fenton (SEF) can be highlighted. [98][99][100] EAOPs have been already studied for the treatment of a variety of water matrices, including the degradation of pharmaceuticals, [101][102][103] landfill leachates, [104,105] urban stormwaters, [106,107] and carwash wastewater. [108] Even they have been applied at large scale, as the case of the automated disinfection of swimming pool water with boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes, where commercially available products such as Oxineo® and Sysneo® have been employed, [109] and the disinfection of ballast waters with EctoSys® cells.…”