An electro-optic Fabry-Pérot through-plane-modulator based on a Langmuir-Blodgett film

Cresswell, J.; Petty, Michael C.; Wherrett, B. S.; Ali-Adib, Z.; Hodge, Philip; Ryan, T.G.; Allen, S.

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(94)00685-n

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The signal variation with incidence angle is shaped as one would expect for a purely electro-refractive electro-optic effect. The advantage of our thick étalon ͑mm͒ versus the thin ͑m͒ étalons studied previously [11][12][13][14][15][16] is the appearance of many resonances while tuning over small angles ͑⌰↔Ϯ2.5°͒. This gives ample data to precisely determine the ⌬n variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such techniques include: Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometric techniques, 1,2 attenuated total reflection techniques, 3,4 ellipsometric/polarimetry techniques, [5][6][7][8][9][10] and Fabry-Perot étalon modulation schemes. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Our method is a variation of previous Fabry-Perot measurement techniques. The primary difference is that we use a much thicker étalon ͑millimeters instead of microns͒ whose thickness includes the glass substrate of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electro-refraction and electro-absorption in poled polymer Fabry–Perot étalons

O'Brien

Dominic

Caracci

1996

Journal of Applied Physics

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Poling and orientational relaxation: Comparison of nonlinear optical mainchain and sidechain polymers Photorefractive composite materials with bifunctional charge transporting secondorder nonlinear optical chromophores Large nonbiased alloptical bistability in an electroabsorption modulator using pinip diode and asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity structureWe present a simple experimental procedure that uses a slowly rotating étalon to measure simultaneously the electro-refraction and electro-absorption in a poled polymer. Both effects generally contribute to the measured signal from such material systems and can be distinguished by rotating the sample and observing asymmetric peaks in the signal. The experimental results show the expected increase in both electro-refraction and electro-absorption as the probe wavelength approaches the absorption band of the chromophore. Furthermore, the dispersion of the complex electro-optic coefficient displays a periodic variation that we attribute to multiple-étalon interference. The stratified nature of the thin-film structure causes the multiple-reflection interference. This artifact will pollute most of the standard electro-optic characterization techniques for poled-polymer films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-refraction and electro-absorption in poled polymer Fabry–Perot étalons

O'Brien

Dominic

Caracci

1996

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Multilayers of PECH-V a interleaved with behenic acid display enhancement of the SHG effi- Figure 13. Synthesis of polyacrylate PAc-V d1 [38][39][40][41][42]. ciency although not quadratic.…”

Section: Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A maximum χ zzz of 1.3 × 10 −8 esu was achieved for the assembly of up to six layers [37]. Figure 13 shows the synthesis of hemicyanine-based polyacrylate [38][39][40][41][42]. In the polymeric hemicyanine mutilayers, aggregated hemicyanine was avoided and no evidence for chromophore-chromophore interaction was seen.…”

Section: Hemicyanine-based Polymaleic Anhydride Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Hemicyanine-Based Polymers

Ren

Wang

Qin

et al. 2011

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Hemicyanine is a group of acentric cation-type dyes, in which one side of the conjugated chain is composed of a quaternary nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and the other side of the conjugated chain is connected to substituted nitrogen through an aryl ring. Different chemical constitutions of hemicyanine and its various connecting modes in polymer lead to abundant topological hemicyanine-based polymers, including linear, star-shaped, brush-shaped, dendritic and hyperbranched macromolecules. These polymers have been used for applications in various roles, such as photographic sensitizers, nonlinear optical materials and biomolecular labeling probes. We will give an overview of the synthesis, structure, properties and applications of series hemicyanine-based polymers.

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“…Alternatively, the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique can be used to build up an asymmetric multilayer stack, one layer of molecules at a time. , This can be achieved by alternating “active” and “passive” layers or by depositing alternate layers of two different molecules chosen so that their individual optical hyperpolarizabilities are additive. Electrooptic modulators based on such films, using both in-plane and through-plane geometries, have already been demonstrated. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Properties of Oligomeric Langmuir−Blodgett Films for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics

et al. 1996

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Neutron reflection and infrared spectroscopy have been used to investigate molecular ordering in Langmuir−Blodgett films of oligomers for second-order nonlinear optical applications. The results are compared to those from a previous ellipsometric study. A high degree of order for the chromophores in the multilayer films is revealed by these experiments. In contrast, the hydrocarbon tails are either randomly oriented or highly tilted with respect to the substrate normal. To account for the reduced nonlinear optical activity in thick films, we suggest that some chromophores have become inverted during the deposition process.

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An electro-optic Fabry-Pérot through-plane-modulator based on a Langmuir-Blodgett film

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Electro-refraction and electro-absorption in poled polymer Fabry–Perot étalons

Electro-refraction and electro-absorption in poled polymer Fabry–Perot étalons

Research Progress in Hemicyanine-Based Polymers

Structural Properties of Oligomeric Langmuir−Blodgett Films for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics

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