An elastic–plastic and residual stress analysis steel reinforced thermoplastic composite cantilever beam

Composite beam generally connected: Analytical model

“…This review prompted a research study on the composite beams devoted to de- Equations (29) Model [63] Equations (29) 29 fining a non-linear analytical model that does not require such two assumptions. Hence, this research has focused on developing a formulation under the sole assumption that each component behaves according to the classical beam theory, while the connection can be of any type (in particular, it can exhibit non-linear behavior).…”

“…Rearranging leads to the following system: (29) The unknowns are the slip s and the rotation  (i.e., the derivative of the deflection ), which are functions of x. The differential equation system (29) was solved using the Adams-Bashforth linear multistep method [71], which can be implemented in any commercial mathematics computer software.…”

“…The differential equation system (29) was solved using the Adams-Bashforth linear multistep method [71], which can be implemented in any commercial mathematics computer software. However, the algorithm has to be adapted to allow the boundary conditions to be enforced simultaneously at the end and midspan of the composite beam (two conditions at x = 0 and two at x = L/2).…”

“…if the continuous connection is a tiny interlayer, they are also called laminated beams [3,10,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]; if the continuous connection is not tiny, they may be called sandwich beams and the interlayer core [3,4,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]]. …”

“…Diagram of the case study: cross-section and longitudinal section.The solution of the differential system(29) with the global shear action V(x) of this case, which is…”