An efficient wideband hafnia-bismuth erbium co-doped fiber amplifier with flat-gain over 80 nm wavelength span

Widely Flatness Gain Bandwidth with Double Pass Parallel Hybrid Fiber Amplifier

“…3 c. The results clearly showed the satisfactory performance of the proposed amplifier, which can operate up to -15 dBm without a saturation effect. Finally, the results of our design exhibited a wider gain bandwidth and larger gain level compared with the findings in [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Table 1 summarizes the results of the performance evaluation of our work and previous studies.…”

Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

“…As a conclusion, the proposed C + L band amplifier achieved a gain‐flattened curve over 55 nm bandwidth for three input signal powers. We compared the obtained results with those which were achieved recently in [35] to evaluate the performance of the proposed EDFA. The gain of the proposed amplifier was found to be improved by 26%, while the gain ripple was reduced by 60%.…”

“…The HB‐EDFs can be highly doped with 12,500 parts per million (ppm) of Er ions concentration, which occurs by combining Hf and Al ions in the fibre. Compared to the previous effective fibre of Bi‐based EDF, the melting temperature degree of the HB‐EDF almost matches that of the single‐mode optical fibre (SMF) [35], which allows the HB‐EDF to have the flexibility to be spliced with the SMF, using the conventional optical fusion splicer machine.…”

“…However, the amplifier used 11 m as the total EDFs length, which is considered very long. In our previous work, a wideband amplifier using an ultra‐short fibre length of newly fabricated HB‐EDF has been proposed [35]. Regrettably, the amplifier obtained a high NF than the gain achieved.…”

Widely flatness gain bandwidth with double pass parallel hybrid fiber amplifier

“…Low and limited flatness gain levels were the main degradation products in previous studies. A dual stage double pass PHFA was reported by [18]. wide flatness gain bandwidth of 80 nm (1525-1605) was achieved at large input signal power of -10 dBm but in the expense of gain level that is reletively low of about 12 dB.…”