An efficient transient analysis of realistic grounding systems: Transmission line versus antenna theory approach

Transient behaviour of grounding electrodes in uniform and in vertically stratified soil using state space representation

“…To validate the proposed approach, the computed transient potential is compared with experimental measurements performed by EDF [23] and with simulations based on MoM [7], and the PEEC method [8]. Furthermore, the SSR results found for long horizontal electrode are compared with those reported in [29] using several methods namely propagation equation, telegrapher's equations, nodal matrix and TL solution by FDTD.…”

“…Nekhoul et al [29] have studied the transient response of a 100 m horizontal conductor of 2.5 mm radius using the propagation equation, telegrapher's equations, nodal matrix and TL by FDTD. The electrode, buried at 0.6 m depth in homogeneous soil of 10,000 Ω m resistivity and relative permittivity of 5, is subjected to a bi-exponential lightning current i(t) = I 0 e −αt − e − βt whose parameters are I 0 = 52.2689 kA, α = 0.0018410 −6 s −1 and β = 2.4665010 −6 s −1 .…”

“…This paper is organised as follows: In Section 2, the methodology of the SSR-based TL model is described. Section 3 presents the validation of the model by comparison with both published experimental results [23] and computed results using different approaches [7,8,29]. This section also investigates the influence of the mutual coupling and the soil ionisation, the injection point and the soil heterogeneity on the transient performance of the grounding electrode.…”

“…The results obtained from both approaches at very high impulsive current were close. Nekhoul et al [29] studied the transient behaviour of grounding horizontal conductor and grid configurations. They developed a new model based on TL theory in time domain.…”

“…The impulse impedance and other parameters used for characterising the impulse performance of the ground electrode are computed. For validation, SSR results were compared with published experimental results obtained by French Electricity Board (Electricité De France-EDF) [23] and with computation results using MoM [7], PEEC [8], TLM and ATM [29]. The novelty of our present investigation consists in the use of SSR as the solution technique for TLM equations describing the ground electrode incorporating soil ionisation and mutual inductive, capacitive and conductive coupling.…”