An Efficient TDOA-Based Localization Algorithm without Synchronization between Base Stations

Kim, Sangdeok; Chong, Jong‐Wha

doi:10.1155/2015/832351

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The reason is that the clock offsets are estimated more accurately if the tags are dispersed. Intuitively, the ML estimation problem equations (6) and (7) are undetermined in the extreme case where all the tags collapse to one position. The reason is that tags' position and anchor clock offsets are not observable from the measurements r j, i .…”

Section: Formation Of the Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint clock synchronization and position estimation in time of arrival–based passive positioning systems

Hedley

et al. 2018

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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A widely used scheme for target localization is to measure the time of arrival of a wireless signal emitted by a tag, which requires the clocks of the anchors (receivers at known locations) to be accurately synchronized. Conventional systems rely on transmissions from a timing reference node at a known location for clock synchronization and therefore are susceptible to reference node failure. In this article, we propose a novel localization scheme which jointly estimates anchor clock offsets and target positions. The system does not require timing reference nodes and is completely passive (nonintrusive). The positioning algorithm is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation problem, which is solved efficiently using an iterative linear least square method. The Cramér-Rao lower bound of positioning error is also analyzed. It is shown that the performance of the proposed scheme improves with the number of targets in the system and approaches that of a system with perfectly synchronized anchors.

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Section: Formation Of the Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint clock synchronization and position estimation in time of arrival–based passive positioning systems

Hedley

et al. 2018

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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“…The distance differences d 21 and d 31 using d 1 , d 2 , d 3 as indicated in Figure can be determined using Eqs. and stated below :

d_{21} = d_{2} - d_{1} = \sqrt{{true(x_{2} - x_{0} true)}^{2} + {true(y_{2} - y_{0} true)}^{2}} - \sqrt{{true(x_{1} - x_{0} true)}^{2} + {true(y_{1} - y_{0} true)}^{2}}

d_{31} = d_{3} - d_{1} = \sqrt{{true(x_{3} - x_{0} true)}^{2} + {true(y_{3} - y_{0} true)}^{2}} - \sqrt{{true(x_{1} - x_{0} true)}^{2} + {true(y_{1} - y_{0} true)}^{2}}

…”

Section: Proposed Asynchronous Time Difference Of Arrival (A‐tdoa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, the conventional TDOA‐based positioning systems require synchronization between measuring units , some asynchronous indoor positioning systems have been proposed and implemented where additional mechanisms have been used to obtain valid TDOA measurements . An asynchronous time difference of arrival (A‐TDOA) named as Whistle has been presented in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An A‐TDOA system has been proposed and presented in Ref. and TDOA equations have been derived by continuously changing the location of both the target and the measuring nodes. The A‐TDOA positioning system described in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to previous presented works , where the time synchronization requirement for TDOA based localization is avoided either by deploying additional measuring nodes or using complex computational algorithms, this work presents a asynchronous time‐difference‐of‐arrival (A‐TDOA) localization system using three ultra low power CC1101 radio devices working at 434MHz as measuring receivers placed at known locations to receive signal from single transmitter for its localization in two dimensional space. All three receivers have been interfaced to different laptops through CC debugger and time synchronization is obtained by initial time offset in two TDOA pulses by using a calibration transmitter at known location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel power efficient asynchronous time difference of arrival indoor localization system using CC1101 radio transceivers

Nawaz

Bozkurt

Tekin

2017

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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results shown in , and 8, in spite of the power amplifier, we obtain a proper S 22 characteristic.The power amplifier is also measured using an IEEE 802.11n WLAN signal (OFDM 64-QAM, 20 MHz bandwidth, and 9.6 dB PAPR). Figure 12 shows the measured gain and PAE with a 2.45-GHz IEEE 802.11n WLAN signal. The power amplifier achieved 7.0% PAE at a linear output power of 21.28 dBm and 26.6 dB power gain. As shown in Figure 13, the maximum linear output power of 21.28 dBm is obtained with 3.8% EVM, which meets the IEEE 802.11n MCS 7 standard. CONCLUSIONIn this work, we design a linear CMOS power amplifier for IEEE 802.11n WLAN applications. We first identify a suitable output transformer structure for a linear CMOS power amplifier. From the results, the driver and power stage of the power amplifier are located outside of the output transformer to mitigate the stability issues. Next, we provide the design procedure of the output matching network to minimize the output return loss. The measured maximum linear output power is 21.28 dBm, while the measured EVM for the IEEE 802.11n input signal is 23.8%. The power amplifier achieved 212.3 dB output return loss. From the measured results, we confirm the feasibility of the proposed linear CMOS power amplifier.ABSTRACT: This paper presents a novel 434MHz asynchronous time difference of arrival (A-TDOA) Indoor Localization System (ILS) using

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Low power hardware design and its mathematical modeling for fast‐exact geolocalization system in wireless networks

Zaidi

Bouazzi

Al-Rayif

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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Summary A significant goal in achieving position calculation is to reduce and simplify the instructions that the Mobile Station (MS) has to accomplish in the location determination algorithm. Standard techniques widely used in many applications can be classified into Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and Time of Arrival (ToA). However, all are almost determined by the standard trigonometric complex computation methods that are usually implemented in software where the complexity is considerable. The development of a simple and efficient technique for MS location estimation is the main objective of this paper. To design a modern hardware‐oriented algorithm, a new approach using simple Add‐and‐Shift operations in the computation is proposed and it can be implemented in a hardware target. In order to accelerate the geopositioning process, the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm has been used in this proposal. The proposed algorithm is simpler and faster than conventional ones; thus, complexity in terms of time, power consumption, and chip area has been reduced. Therefore, the algorithm is suitable for applications with limited computational and power resources. Based on comparisons with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, it is concluded that the proposed technique is more exact and less complex.

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An Efficient TDOA-Based Localization Algorithm without Synchronization between Base Stations

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Joint clock synchronization and position estimation in time of arrival–based passive positioning systems

Joint clock synchronization and position estimation in time of arrival–based passive positioning systems

A novel power efficient asynchronous time difference of arrival indoor localization system using CC1101 radio transceivers

Low power hardware design and its mathematical modeling for fast‐exact geolocalization system in wireless networks

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