Abstract:We present a two-step, general synthesis of N-arylputrescines and cadaverines, by cesium carbonate mediated alkylation of anilines with w-chloronitriles and subsequent reduction. The cesium-mediated alkylation shows remarkable selectivity towards the monoalkylation product. The method is straightforward and leads to satisfactory global yields.
“…The ω - arylaminonitrile precursors were obtained by reaction of the corresponding ω-halonitrile and arylamines, as previously reported by our group [44]. …”
SummaryThe first general procedure for the synthesis of 5 to 7-membered 1-aryl-2-iminoazacycloalkanes is presented, by microwave-assisted ring closure of ω-arylaminonitriles promoted by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) esters. 1-Aryl-2-iminopyrrolidines were easily prepared from the acyclic precursors employing a chloroformic solution of ethyl polyphosphate (PPE). The use of trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (PPSE) in solvent-free conditions allowed for the synthesis of 1-aryl-2-iminopiperidines and hitherto unreported 1-aryl-2-iminoazepanes. The cyclization reaction involves good to high yields and short reaction times, and represents a novel application of PPA esters in heterocyclic synthesis.
“…The ω - arylaminonitrile precursors were obtained by reaction of the corresponding ω-halonitrile and arylamines, as previously reported by our group [44]. …”
SummaryThe first general procedure for the synthesis of 5 to 7-membered 1-aryl-2-iminoazacycloalkanes is presented, by microwave-assisted ring closure of ω-arylaminonitriles promoted by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) esters. 1-Aryl-2-iminopyrrolidines were easily prepared from the acyclic precursors employing a chloroformic solution of ethyl polyphosphate (PPE). The use of trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (PPSE) in solvent-free conditions allowed for the synthesis of 1-aryl-2-iminopiperidines and hitherto unreported 1-aryl-2-iminoazepanes. The cyclization reaction involves good to high yields and short reaction times, and represents a novel application of PPA esters in heterocyclic synthesis.
“…In tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, and dimethoxyethane, very low conversion to the desired product was observed. In previous work, we demonstrated that potassium and sodium iodides significantly improve the yields of nucleophilic substitutions, [24] probably because of in situ generation of a more reactive iodoalkyl compound. To test this hypothesis, we next explored potassium and sodium iodides as catalysts.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Phosphonoacetamidesmentioning
An efficient microwave protocol is described for the Michaelis-Arbuzov synthesis of secondary and tertiary N-aryl (and alkyl) (diethylphosphono)acetamides 1, by reaction of chloro-and bromoacetamides with triethyl phosphite in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium iodide. Remarkable acceleration of the reaction (minutes vs. several hours) over conventional heating was achieved, together with improved product yields and purity, when bromoacetamides were employed as the substrates. Chloroacetamides were comparatively less reactive, leading to satisfactory yields only when a high excess of the reagent was employed.
The stereodynamic
behavior of 1-arylpyrrolidin-2-imines, having
a C
aryl
–N stereogenic axis, has been studied by
means of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional
theory calculations, evaluating the steric effect of
ortho
-aryl substituents. The rotational barrier due to
E
/
Z
isomerism about the −C=N–H
bond was also determined. The dynamic stereochemistry of homologous
six- and seven-membered iminoazacycloalkane rings and their oxo-analogues
was also comparatively investigated, evidencing a ring size effect.
It was found that the seven-membered heterocycle shows additional
dynamic features because of ring inversion.
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