An Efficient Strategy to Drive Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotubes and the Remarkable Effect of Confinement on Their Catalytic Performance

Castillejos, Eva; Debouttière, Pierre-Jean; Roiban, Lucian; Solhy, Abderrahim; Martinez, Victor; Kihn, Y.; Ersen, Ovidiu; Philippot, Karine; Chaudret, Bruno; Serp, Philippe

doi:10.1002/ange.200805273

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Figure 2c shows the XRD pattern of copper phyllosilicates after calcination. 26 , chemical vapour deposition 27,28 and electrochemical template synthesis 29 . On the basis of the reported synthesis procedure 27,30 , we proposed a twostep IWI method (see Methods and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

et al. 2013

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Hydrogenolysis of carbon-oxygen bonds is a versatile synthetic tool in organic synthesis. Copper-based catalysts have been intensively explored as the copper sites account for the highly selective hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds. However, the inherent drawback of conventional copper-based catalysts is the deactivation by metal-particle growth and unstable surface Cu 0 and Cu þ active species in the strongly reducing hydrogen and oxidizing carbon-oxygen atmosphere. Here we report the superior reactivity of a core (copper)-sheath (copper phyllosilicate) nanoreactor for carbon-oxygen hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate with high efficiency (an ethanol yield of 91%) and steady performance (4300 h at 553 K). This nanoreactor, which possesses balanced and stable Cu 0 and Cu þ active species, confinement effects, an intrinsically high surface area of Cu 0 and Cu þ and a unique tunable tubular morphology, has potential applications in high-temperature hydrogenation reactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

et al. 2013

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“…13 Discrete nanoparticles of various metals had been successfully introduced inside the CNT channels with a few tens of nanometer width. 14,15 However, difficulties were often encountered in small tubes with an inner diameter (i.d.) of a few nanometers.…”

Section: Dispersion Of Nanoparticles Inside Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Confinement inside Carbon Nanotubes on Catalysis

2011

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T he unique tubular morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has triggered wide research interest. These structures can be used as nanoreactors and to create novel composites through the encapsulation of guest materials in their well-defined channels. The rigid nanotubes restrict the size of the encapsulated materials down to the nanometer and even the subnanometer scale. In addition, interactions may develop between the encapsulated molecules and nanomaterials and the CNT surfaces. The curvature of CNT walls causes the π electron density of the graphene layers to shift from the concave inner to the convex outer surface, which results in an electric potential difference. As a result, the molecules and nanomaterials on the exterior walls of CNTs likely display different properties and chemical reactivities from those confined within CNTs. Catalysis that utilizes the interior surface of CNTs was only explored recently. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that confining metal or metal oxide nanoparticles inside CNTs often leads to a different catalytic activity with respect to the same metals deposited on the CNT exterior surface. Furthermore, this inside and outside activity difference varies based on the metals used and the reactions catalyzed.In this Account, we describe the efforts toward understanding the fundamental effects of confining metal nanoparticles inside the CNT channels. This research may provide a novel approach to modulate their catalytic performance and promote rational design of catalysts. To achieve this, we have developed strategies for homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles inside nanotubes. Because researchers have previously demonstrated the insertion of nanoparticles within larger nanotubes, we focused specifically on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an inner diameter (i.d.) smaller than 10 nm and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with 1.0À1.5 nm i.d. The results show that CNTs with well-defined morphology and unique electronic structure of CNTs provide an intriguing confinement environment for catalysis.

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“…Another knotty problem is that some particles will unavoidably deposit on the outer surface rather than fill into the inner cavity of CNTs, which makes it difficult in investigating the confinement effect of CNTs due to the complex locations and states of the foreign matters. Although considerable efforts have been made [23][24][25][26][27][28], these above problems have not been well solved yet. On the other hand, template carbonization technique provides an alternative way for the precisely controlled synthesis of CNTs with desired diameter, opened cap, high purity, and selective filling of foreign matters inside the hollow cores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

et al. 2011

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One of the most unique structural characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) differentiating from other carbon materials is their hollow nanochannles, which can be utilized for encapsulating and loading foreign matters. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template technique enables the diameter, length, and cap structure control of the replicated CNTs, and thus shows advantages in pore structure control over the traditional CNT growth approaches. This review details the synthesis of CNTs with tunable diameter, length, wall thickness, and crystalline by using the AAO template method. The doping of heteroatoms and filling of foreign matters into AAO-CNTs are also addressed. Moreover, the main challenges and developing trends of the AAO template method are discussed.carbon nanotubes (CNTs), anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method, controllability Citation:Hou P X, Liu C, Shi C, et al. Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method.

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An Efficient Strategy to Drive Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotubes and the Remarkable Effect of Confinement on Their Catalytic Performance

Abstract: Drinnen oder draußen? PtRu‐Dimetallnanopartikel wurden selektiv in Kohlenstoffnanoröhren eingeschlossen oder auf ihrer äußeren Oberfläche abgeschieden (siehe Bild). Die eingeschlossenen Nanopartikel sind wesentlich selektivere und aktivere Hydrierungskatalysatoren.

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

The Effects of Confinement inside Carbon Nanotubes on Catalysis

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

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