An efficient silica scale inhibiting strategy for geothermal systems: Combination of cationic and anionic polymers

Abstract

Cationic silica scale inhibitors are widely used, but are prone to precipitation and exhibit poor performance in geothermal systems. In this study, the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) was first found to have high silica scale inhibition efficiency. Three anionic polymers were added separately to PEIE solutions to alleviate the precipitation and scaling. The inhibition effect of PEIE alone and PEIE with anionic polymers were measured at 40 C without salt and 136.7 C with salt. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the inhibition mechanism. The results showed that PEIE exhibited good inhibition efficiency of 62% at 40 C without salt and 48% at 136.7 C with salt, while the addition of the anionic polymer acrylic acid-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS) to PEIE further improved to 71% and 62%. Compared with commercial inhibitors, the PEIE + AA/AMPS enhanced at least 15% scale inhibition efficiency. This is because the addition of AA/AMPS: (1) enhances the attraction of PEIE to silicic acid and inhibits the silicic acid condensation process; (2) chelates metal ions that promote condensation; and (3) enhances dispersion ability, stabilizing the colloid formed by PEIE and silicic acid. This study provides a promising new inhibitor and efficient strategy for inhibiting silica scale in geothermal systems.

Municipal Geothermal Systems: Evaluation of Three Hungarian Cases

“…In many cases, increased pressure levels and more expensive maintenance are required [20]. Paints and coatings are also preferred solutions [21], [22], alongside inhibitors [23]- [25], to mitigate such difficulties. This article focuses on the challenges faced, based on recently gained experiences of installed geothermal systems.…”