“…From (5) and (6), the increased resistance of the equivalent substrate resistor R sub diminishes G n , which reduces the minimum NF, NF min . Furthermore, the NF is also reduced by reducing G n and NF min in (4). Here, the substrate impedance Z sub = R sub + jX sub , the optimal source impedance Z opt = R opt + jX opt , and the signal source impedance Z s = R s + jX s , where R g represents the gate parasitic resistances, G n is the noise parameter, C gs and g m are the gate-to-source capacitance and transconductance of the transistor, respectively, and K g is the fundamental noise coefficient of G n .…”