An Efficient Query Scheme for Hybrid Storage Blockchains Based on Merkle Semantic Trie

Pei, Qingqi; Zhou, Enyuan; Xiao, Yang; Zhang, Deyu; Zhao, Dongxiao

doi:10.1109/srds51746.2020.00013

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Another direction for optimizing the efficiency of blockchain is to improve the storage structure of blocks. Pei et al [30] introduced an indexing technique based on Merkle Semantic Trie. They extracted semantic information from the data in the chain to construct an indexed structure on the consensus chain, allowing for the real-time and effective query of data on and off the chain.…”

Section: Optimization Methods Based On Structure Alternation and Nove...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to previous methods [30][31][32][33], our approach not only enhances query efficiency by adding indices within each block but also complements this with external indices. We further leveraged index fields in a temporary traceability table and leaf nodes within blocks to facilitate jumping to the destination block and avoid sequential queries, further improving the traceability query speed.…”

Section: Optimization Methods Based On Structure Alternation and Nove...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Layer Index for Efficient Traceability Query of Food Supply Chain Based on Blockchain

Guo

Liu

et al. 2023

Foods

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Blockchain techniques have been introduced to achieve decentralized and transparent traceability systems, which are critical components of food supply chains. Academia and industry have tried to enhance the efficiency of blockchain-based food supply chain traceability queries. However, the cost of traceability queries remains high. In this paper, we propose a dual-layer index structure for optimizing traceability queries in blockchain, which consists of an external and an internal index. The dual-layer index structure accelerates the external block jump and internal transaction search while preserving the original characteristics of the blockchain. We establish an experimental environment by modeling the blockchain storage module for extensive simulation experiments. The results show that although the dual-layer index structure introduces a little extra storage and construction time, it significantly improves the efficiency of traceability queries. Specifically, the dual-layer index improves the traceability query rate by seven to eight times compared with that of the original blockchain.

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Section: Optimization Methods Based On Structure Alternation and Nove...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Methods Based On Structure Alternation and Nove...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Layer Index for Efficient Traceability Query of Food Supply Chain Based on Blockchain

Guo

Liu

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Blockchain [13] is a distributed ledger technology that can be deployed in a wide range of applications, such as sharing economy [14], storage systems [15], digital product transactions [16], provenance [17][18], etc., providing security features such as unalter ability and decentralization for applications.…”

Section: Blockchain and Smart Contractmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient fair exchange privacy-preserving protocol for V2G based on blockchain

Jia¹,

Dong²,

Shen³

et al. 2023

Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering (ICAICE 2022)

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With the continuous progress of new energy technology, new energy vehicles have gradually become the mainstream. More and more new energy vehicles (EV) are put into use, which not only brings challenges to the current smart grid (SG) system, but also brings brand new opportunities. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a new technology, which not only realizes the power transmission from the grid to the Vehicle, but also realizes the auxiliary power transmission ability from the vehicle to the grid. But the privacy problem and the fairness of the transaction are still an urgent problem to be solved. Privacy issues can lead to the user's privacy being obtained and analyzed by malicious participants, resulting in the user's property being threatened. Fair exchange means that in the transaction process, if one party is malicious, the honest party has no loss or the loss is negligible; Or if both parties are malicious or honest, there is no loss for either party. This paper proposes a Vehicle-to-grid privacy protection fair exchange system based on blockchain. Homomorphic commitment and hashchain are introduced to achieve privacy protection and fair exchange.

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“…Compared with traditional distributed databases, blockchain databases transact and record data via blockchains and construct an abstract database layer supporting various query functionalities on top of blockchains, which endow the distributed databases with immutability and traceability [8,14,40,41,56,59,62]. For example, BlockchainDB provides shared tables as easy-to-use abstractions as well as a key/value interface to read/write data stored in the blockchain [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard Mechanism

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Blockchain databases have attracted widespread attention but suffer from poor scalability due to underlying non-scalable blockchains. While blockchain sharding is necessary for a scalable blockchain database, it poses a new challenge named on-chain cross-shard database services. Each cross-shard database service (e.g., cross-shard queries or inter-shard load balancing) involves massive cross-shard data exchanges, while the existing cross-shard mechanisms need to process each cross-shard data exchange via the consensus of all nodes in the related shards (i.e., on-chain) to resist a Byzantine environment of blockchain, which eliminates sharding benefits. To tackle the challenge, this paper presents GriDB, the first scalable blockchain database, by designing a novel off-chain cross-shard mechanism for efficient cross-shard database services. Borrowing the idea of off-chain payments, GriDB delegates massive cross-shard data exchange to a few nodes, each of which is randomly picked from a different shard. Considering the Byzantine environment, the untrusted delegates cooperate to generate succinct proof for cross-shard data exchanges, while the consensus is only responsible for the low-cost proof verification. However, different from payments, the database services' verification has more requirements (e.g., completeness, correctness, freshness, and availability); thus, we introduce several new authenticated data structures (ADS). Particularly, we utilize consensus to extend the threat model and reduce the complexity of traditional accumulator-based ADS for verifiable cross-shard queries with a rich set of relational operators. Moreover, we study the necessity of inter-shard load balancing for a scalable blockchain database and design an off-chain and live approach for both efficiency and availability during balancing. An evaluation of our prototype shows the performance of GriDB in terms of scalability in workloads with queries and updates.

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An Efficient Query Scheme for Hybrid Storage Blockchains Based on Merkle Semantic Trie

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Dual-Layer Index for Efficient Traceability Query of Food Supply Chain Based on Blockchain

Dual-Layer Index for Efficient Traceability Query of Food Supply Chain Based on Blockchain

An efficient fair exchange privacy-preserving protocol for V2G based on blockchain

GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard Mechanism

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