An efficient pulse tube cryocooler for boil-off gas reliquefaction in liquid natural gas tanks

Hu, Jianxing; Chen, S.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, L.M.; Luo, Ercang; Dai, Wei; Li, H.B.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.096

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…1(b)) are widely used in smallcapacity pulse-tube coolers because of their compact size and easy processing [14]; however, with large amounts of transferred heat, it is easy to cause a large temperature difference across a long fin, which will lead to a large temperature difference between the gas and the cooling water. The gas-water temperature difference in the main WCHX is reported to reach as high as 50 K [6] or 57 K [15]. As a result, more effort is required for the gas to pump the heat, thereby degrading global cooling performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel shell-tube water-cooled heat exchanger for high-capacity pulse-tube coolers

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel shell-tube water-cooled heat exchanger for high-capacity pulse-tube coolers

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Indeed, they are adopted for infrared detectors in spaceborne remote sensing satellites or for boil‐off gas re‐liquefaction in liquid natural gas tanks. With respect to the latter application, Hu et al designed and tested a pulse tube cryocooler producing approximately 1.2 kW of cooling at 120 K thus potentially condensing almost 300 normal cubic meter of boil‐off natural gas per day. Moreover, pulse tube refrigerators can also reach temperatures below 20 K as demonstrated by Park et al In their concept, a cold linear compressor submerged in a liquid nitrogen bath and a colder expander were considered achieving a no‐load temperature of 18.7 K and a cooling capacity of 0.4 W at 20 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of a pulse tube based new prototype for cells cryopreservation

Cipri¹,

Cioccolanti

Naldi³

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Cells cryopreservation is crucial for the treatment of several diseases, but the survival rate of the cells is significantly affected by the cooling process. Currently, programmable freezers based on liquid nitrogen technology are usually adopted but these solutions may cause the death of the cells due to undesired crystallization, membrane damage or osmotic shock. In the recent years, pulse tube refrigerators have attracted a lot of interest in many applications because of their intrinsic characteristics. Despite more gradual, the cooling rate of a similar refrigerator needs to be carefully controlled to meet the desired requirements of cells cryopreservation. Therefore, at the premises of Sapienza University of Rome a pulse tube-based prototype has been designed for cells cryopreservation and an experimental tests campaign has been conducted to assess the performance of the system for the scope. A new control logic, able to adjust the supplied voltage to electric heaters for the conditioning of the temperature inside the stand tubes, has been implemented and different configurations evaluated with cooling rate varying in the range 0.5 C/min to 1.5 C/min. The analysis has shown that the proposed control logic is able to cool down the stem cells in all the investigated range with a maximum temperature difference between the mean temperature of the tubes and the theoretical temperature of −7.65 C for the configuration with copper plate and −4.09 C for the configuration with aluminium plate which represents a safe condition. On the contrary, the copper plate allows approximating better the real cooling curve with the theoretical one and achieving a lower temperature variance at cooling rates higher than 1.25 C/min. Although some further efforts are needed to tune the system up, the present work has demonstrated that a pulse tube refrigerator can be technically and commercially adopted as a viable solution for stem cells cryopreservation.

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“…Cold‐end temperatures of 60 K to 120 K were presented, and the maximum relative Carnot efficiency of 21.6% was reached at a cold‐end temperature of 100 K. Their study showed that the maximum relative Carnot efficiency of the PTR could be obtained at a fixed cold‐end temperature and that this efficiency would decrease with increasing input electric power. Hu et al developed an efficient PTR for gas liquefaction. The electrical power dependence of the heat load and overall relative Carnot efficiency at 100 K and 120 K were presented in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cold‐end temperature and heat load on the cooling characteristics of a pulse tube refrigerator

Liu

Jiang

Ding

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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A pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) was developed to operate at different cooling capacities to meet the requirements of various applications. Changes in the thermal loads or the long operating time of the PTR will influence the cold conditions (cold‐end temperature and heat load), leading to a deviation of the cooling performance from the optimal design conditions. The basic principles of the mass flow characteristics of the PTR are constructed based on enthalpy phase modulation, which is helpful for comprehending the relationships between cold‐end parameters and other parameters. A REGEN model is introduced in which different mass flows at the cold‐end are considered to simulate the effects of the cold‐end parameters on the performance of the regenerator. The influences of the cold‐end temperature and heat load on the cooling performance are investigated by using a coupling model of a DeltaEC model and a REGEN model. In addition, some experiments are performed on a PTR working at different cold‐end temperatures and heat load. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The cooling performance of the PTR is influenced by the average pressure and operating frequency of different cooling states. Relative Carnot efficiencies of 12.2% for 4 W@60 K with a specific power of 33 W/W and 16.1% for 15 W @120 K with a specific power of 9 W/W can be achieved by the PTR using different operating parameters.

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An efficient pulse tube cryocooler for boil-off gas reliquefaction in liquid natural gas tanks

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

A novel shell-tube water-cooled heat exchanger for high-capacity pulse-tube coolers

A novel shell-tube water-cooled heat exchanger for high-capacity pulse-tube coolers

Experimental analysis of a pulse tube based new prototype for cells cryopreservation

Effects of cold‐end temperature and heat load on the cooling characteristics of a pulse tube refrigerator

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