An Efficient Pipeline to Obtain 3D Model for HBIM and Structural Analysis Purposes from 3D Point Clouds

Abstract

The aim of this work is to identify an efficient pipeline in order to build HBIM (heritage building information modelling) and create digital models to be used in structural analysis. To build accurate 3D models it is first necessary to perform a geomatics survey. This means performing a survey with active or passive sensors and, subsequently, accomplishing adequate post-processing of the data. In this way, it is possible to obtain a 3D point cloud of the structure under investigation. The next step, known as “scan-to-BIM (building information modelling)”, has led to the creation of an appropriate methodology that involved the use of Rhinoceros software and a few tools developed within this environment. Once the 3D model is obtained, the last step is the implementation of the structure in FEM (finite element method) and/or in HBIM software. In this paper, two case studies involving structures belonging to the cultural heritage (CH) environment are analysed: a historical church and a masonry bridge. In particular, for both case studies, the different phases were described involving the construction of the point cloud and, subsequently, the construction of a 3D model. This model is suitable both for structural analysis and for the parameterization of rheological and geometric information of each single element of the structure.

Using Optical Satellite and Aerial Imagery for Automatic Coastline Mapping

“…The dense point cloud of the coast was obtained using 3DF Zephyr Aerial software (Pepe et al, 2020); in this way, it was possible to generate three-dimensional models from the acquired images ( Fig. 7).…”

“…The precision achieved on photogrammetric model was about 0.08 metres and the accuracy around 0.10 metres. The high number of photos (more than 50) in the project, the high geometric resolution, the high quality of the images and the high coverage of the images have allowed obtaining a very detailed and dense cloud point (over 7 million points) of the study area; more details can be found on (Pepe et al, 2020). Starting from the georeferenced point cloud, the mesh and, subsequently, the colour orthophoto with a spatial resolution of 0.02 metres were generated.…”

The Use of Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Process of Building Models for Cultural Tourism, 3D Web and Augmented/Mixed Reality Applications

“…The modeling phase is the last and most challenging stage. The literature presents several different strategies for building BIM models [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Two main working methods used to build 3D models are direct and parametric modelling [ 41 ].…”

UAV Photogrammetry and 3D Modelling of Complex Architecture for Maintenance Purposes: the Case Study of the Masonry Bridge on the Sele River, Italy

“…Indeed, from the point cloud, it is possible to build, in Rhinoceros environment, a detailed model of every single element. The construction of the objects was made possible by creating special profiles directly on the point cloud thanks to the use of Arena 4D tool [14]. For example, a vector representation of the point cloud during the construction phase is shown below (Fig.…”

“…Kaimaris et al [13] discussed the use of UAV photogrammetry and SfM-MVS approaches in order to locate and map the Traces of the Covered Ancient Theater of Amphipolis (Eastern Macedonia, Greece), which is one of the most important archaeological sites of Greece. Pepe et al [14] discussed the construction of a three-dimensional model involving a photogrammetric method applied to a Roman bridge (called Ponte san Cono) for structural analysis purposes; in this latter study, the building of 3D models using FEM (Finite Element Method), a novel approach that uses Rhinoceros software to 3D reconstruction of the bridge, is discussed. Starting from this study, we suggest an original method for the survey involving UAV and, once the 3D model has been realized, a suitable procedure for the maintenance and computer management of the structure has been identified.…”