An Efficient Numerical Approach for Field Infrared Smoke Transmittance Based on Grayscale Images

Tang, Runze; Zhang, Tonglai; Wei, Xuebin; Zhou, Zunning

doi:10.3390/app8010040

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Tang et al presented an efficient numerical approach for field infrared smoke transmittance based on grayscale images. The results proved to be of sufficient precision for engineering applications; in particular, the method greatly simplified the field trial process, thus improving efficiency [32].…”

Section: Overview Of the Accepted Papersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Special Issue on ‘Novel Ideas for Infrared Thermography and Its Application to Integrated Approaches’

Сфарра

Ambrosini

2019

Applied Sciences

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Section: Overview Of the Accepted Papersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Special Issue on ‘Novel Ideas for Infrared Thermography and Its Application to Integrated Approaches’

Сфарра

Ambrosini

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The experimental setup consisted of three parts, namely: (1) an infrared radiation target array; (2) a smoke release site; and (3) a measurement system site [24]. The test site was chosen in order to get enough distance between the radiation sources and the measurement system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The motion of the smoke cloud was first tracked, while the smoke contour was drawn by the background subtraction method, as mentioned above. The targets within the smoke contour were then positioned and the smoke transmittance of these targets were calculated as the known data by the grayscale smoke transmittance model [24]. Finally, the transmittance of each pixel within the research area was obtained, based on the transmittance linear interpolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, the geometric contour of the dynamic smoke cloud from each image frame was obtained using the motion detection techniques. After this, according to the grayscale smoke transmittance model [24] and the spatial resolution of the infrared sensor, the smoke transmittance of each pixel within the smoke contour was determined by a linear interpolation. Finally, when compared with the input smoke transmittance threshold, the effective shielding area was calculated using the accumulation of the effective shielding pixel points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared Thermography Approach for Effective Shielding Area of Field Smoke Based on Background Subtraction and Transmittance Interpolation

Tang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Effective shielding area is a crucial indicator for the evaluation of the infrared smoke-obscuring effectiveness on the battlefield. The conventional methods for assessing the shielding area of the smoke screen are time-consuming and labor intensive, in addition to lacking precision. Therefore, an efficient and convincing technique for testing the effective shielding area of the smoke screen has great potential benefits in the smoke screen applications in the field trial. In this study, a thermal infrared sensor with a mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) range of 3 to 5 μm was first used to capture the target scene images through clear as well as obscuring smoke, at regular intervals. The background subtraction in motion detection was then applied to obtain the contour of the smoke cloud at each frame. The smoke transmittance at each pixel within the smoke contour was interpolated based on the data that was collected from the image. Finally, the smoke effective shielding area was calculated, based on the accumulation of the effective shielding pixel points. One advantage of this approach is that it utilizes only one thermal infrared sensor without any other additional equipment in the field trial, which significantly contributes to the efficiency and its convenience. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate that this approach can determine the effective shielding area of the field infrared smoke both practically and efficiently.

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“…An interesting approach in optical densitometry is to use infrared radiation generated by a background signal array to measure smoke transmittance of smoke clouds in field experiments. Such an approach was described in [24].…”

Section: Measuring Smoke Obscuration In Reduced-scale Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity

Węgrzyński

Antosiewicz

Burdzy

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A common method for investigating various fire- and smoke-related phenoma is a reduced-scale fire modelling that uses the conservation concept of Froude number as its primary similarity criterion. Smoke obscuration measurements were not commonly used in this approach. In this paper, we propose a new type of optical densitometer that allows for smoke obscuration density measurements on a reduced-scale. This device uses a set of mirrors to increase the optical path length, so that the device may follow the geometrical scale of the model, but that still measures smoke obscuration as if it were in full scale. The principle of operation is based on the Bougher-Lambert-Beer law, with modifications related to the Froude number-based scaling principles, to streamline the measurements. The proposed low-budget (< $1000) device was built, calibrated with a set of the reference optical filters, and used in a series of full- (1:1) and reduced-scale (1:4) experiments with n-Heptane fires in a small compartment. The main limitation of this study is the assumption that there is similar soot production in full- and reduced-scale fires, which may not be true for many Froude-number scaling applications. Therefore, it must be investigated in a case-by-case basis. In our case, the results are promising. The measured obscuration in the reduced-scale had a 10% error versus averaged measurements in full-scale measurements. Moreover, there were well represented transient changes of the smoke layer optical density during the combustion and after the smoke layer settled.

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An Efficient Numerical Approach for Field Infrared Smoke Transmittance Based on Grayscale Images

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Special Issue on ‘Novel Ideas for Infrared Thermography and Its Application to Integrated Approaches’

Special Issue on ‘Novel Ideas for Infrared Thermography and Its Application to Integrated Approaches’

Infrared Thermography Approach for Effective Shielding Area of Field Smoke Based on Background Subtraction and Transmittance Interpolation

Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity

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