An efficient hierarchical 16‐QAM dynamic constellation to obtain high PSNR reconstructed images under varying channel conditions

Gangadharappa, M.; Kapoor, Rajiv; Dixit, Hirdesh

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2015.0693

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In Fig. 14(a)-(c), we measure the performance of the proposed 64-ary SQ constellation and two state-of-theart counterparts (i.e., called as 64-ary Gray constellation [14] and 64-ary vectored modulated (VM) constellation [18]). As observed, the 64-ary SQ constellation not only possesses excellent layer-1 performance as the 64-ary Gray constellation and 64-ary VM constellation, but also can achieve better layer-2 performance and layer-3 performance.…”

Section: B Ber Performance For the 64-qam Hm-bicm-id Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [13], a type of non-uniform constellations has been designed for HM-BICM systems based on the minimum-Euclidean-distance (MED) property of adjacent labels. Moreover, by adjusting the MED ratio between different labels, a type of dynamic constellations has been presented to improve the performance of HM-BICM systems under varying channel conditions [14]. Furthermore, a protection-level-exchanging scheme has been introduced in HM-BICM systems [15], which can be used to enhance the performance of cooperative networks by adopting two different constellations to process the information at the source node and relay node, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatially Coupled Protograph LDPC-Coded Hierarchical Modulated BICM-ID Systems: A Promising Transmission Technique for 6G-Enabled Internet of Things

Yang

Fang

Han

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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As a spectral-efficiency technique for unequal error protection (UEP), hierarchical modulated (HM) bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with iterative decoding (ID) has attracted interests in wireless communication community. In this paper, we conduct an investigation on spatially coupled (SC) protograph lowdensity parity-check (P-LDPC)-coded M -ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) HM-BICM-ID systems. We first develop an information-theoretic methodology to calculate (log 2 M )/2 types of constellation-constrained average mutual information (AMI), which can be used to characterize the performance limits of different layers in the HM-BICM systems. We further propose a two-stage design approach to construct a novel type of constellations, called as structural quadrant (SQ) constellations, and develop a quadrantbased harmonic mean analysis to evaluate the non-feedback and iterative-feedback asymptotic performance of the proposed constellations. In addition, we conceive a performance-analysis tool, referred to as multi-stream-based extrinsic information transfer (MS-EXIT) algorithm, for predicting the decoding thresholds of all individual coded-bit streams in the proposed SC P-LDPC-coded HM-BICM-ID systems. Simulation results not only agree well with the theoretical analyses, but also indicate that the proposed SC P-LDPC-coded HM-BICM-ID systems are remarkably superior to the state-of-the-art counterparts. Thereby, the proposed SC P-LDPCcoded HM-BICM-ID systems are competent to provide diverse quality-of-service (QoS) for future wireless applications, such as 6G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT).

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Section: B Ber Performance For the 64-qam Hm-bicm-id Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Coupled Protograph LDPC-Coded Hierarchical Modulated BICM-ID Systems: A Promising Transmission Technique for 6G-Enabled Internet of Things

Yang

Fang

Han

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…PSNR [39][40][41][42] is a full-reference evaluation method. It needs a reference image and an image to be evaluated.…”

Section: Evaluation Standard Of Image Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An novel image de-noising model based on gradient and adaptive curvature features and its application

Huang¹,

Hu²

2019

Phys. Scr.

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In this paper, an image de-noising model with gradient and adaptive curvature features is proposed for the visual inspection of the appearance defects of high-density flexible integrated circuit package substrates with strict line-width and line distance. Firstly, the model proposed in this paper adaptively adjusts the weight of the level set curvature feature and the gradient feature of the image, and uses more abundant first-order differential and second-order differential information of the image as the detection factor for image de-noising. Secondly, theoretical analysis shows that the diffusion intensity of the model in the flat region is larger than that of the classical model, and the de-noising effect is better. Furthermore, at the corners and peaks of the image, the proposed model can suppress the reduction of the gray value and preserve more detailed information of the image and edges. Finally, the experimental analysis shows that the proposed model has the best de-noising effect compared with other models. The method proposed in this paper can effectively remove the noise of the image of the high-density flexible integrated circuit package substrate, and at the same time retain more original details and edge information of the image which has practical significance.

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“…Structural similarity (SSIM) [31], [32], peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) [29], [30] and mean squared error (MSE) are generally used as objective quality assessments of the image. In the precision electronic defect detection, since the FICS image has strict requirements on the line width and line distance, the edge-preserving index (EPI) [33], [34] is also required as the third quality evaluation standard for the de-noised image.…”

Section: B Evaluation Standard Of Image Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Image Smoothing Diffusion Model With Gradient and Curvature Features

Huang

2019

IEEE Access

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In this paper, two image smoothing models are proposed for the visual inspection of highdensity flexible IC package substrates with strict requirements on line width and line distance which are applied to the de-noising of high-density flexible IC package substrate images. First of all, the two models proposed in this paper combines the level set curvature feature of the image with gradient threshold, using more abundant second-order differential information as the detection factor to remove the noise in the image. Second, the theoretical analysis shows that the de-noised image obtained by the two models proposed can retain more detailed texture information and edge information of the original image. What is more, the experimental analysis shows that the proposed models have the highest structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio, and have a relatively high edge-preserving index and the lowest mean squared error compared with other models. In particular, the de-noised image through Model 1 has the highest structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the lowest mean squared error. The de-noised image through Model 2 has a relatively high edge retention index. The methods proposed in this paper can effectively remove the noise of the image of the high-density flexible IC package substrate and can retain the original details and edges information of the image. INDEX TERMS Curvature, image de-noising, gradient, flexible integrated circuit substrate image.

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An efficient hierarchical 16‐QAM dynamic constellation to obtain high PSNR reconstructed images under varying channel conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Spatially Coupled Protograph LDPC-Coded Hierarchical Modulated BICM-ID Systems: A Promising Transmission Technique for 6G-Enabled Internet of Things

Spatially Coupled Protograph LDPC-Coded Hierarchical Modulated BICM-ID Systems: A Promising Transmission Technique for 6G-Enabled Internet of Things

An novel image de-noising model based on gradient and adaptive curvature features and its application

Research on Image Smoothing Diffusion Model With Gradient and Curvature Features

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