An Efficient Feathering System with Collision Control

Abstract

We present an efficient interactive system for dressing a naked bird with feathers. In our system, a skeleton associated with guide feathers is used to describe the distribution of the body feathers. The special skeleton can be easily built by the user, given a 3D bird model as input. To address the problem of interpenetrations among feathers, the growth priority between the feather roots is defined, with which we obtain the growth order from a greedily constructed directed acyclic graph. Each feather is then adjusted in that order by a height field based collision resolution process. The height field not only provides an efficient way to detect the collision but also enables us to finely control the degree of collision during feather adjustments. The results show that our approach is capable of resolving the collisions among thousands of feathers in a few seconds. If model animation is desired, the feathers can be adjusted on the fly at interactive framerates. Details of our implementation are provided with several examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.

Identification of Duplication Genotypes of the Feathering Rate Gene in Chicken by a Multiplex PCR Following Electrophoresis and/or Sanger Sequencing

“…The tandem duplication has been reported to be responsible for LF expression [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 33 ]. Based on tandem duplication, qRT-PCR and PCR-RFLP tests have been developed to identify the LF homozygote and heterozygote, but there are certain limitations [ 19 , 23 , 24 ]. Elferink et al developed a TaqMan-based quantitative PCR test to distinguish between LF homozygote and heterozygote.…”

“…However, both EF male and LF female contain two copy numbers, which makes it difficult to distinguish them [ 23 ]. Li et al developed a PCR-RFLP test among 254 individuals of five chicken breeds, the genotype identification accuracy rate reached 100% [ 24 ], but this test cannot be applicable to all chicken breeds, such as Lvke and Rhode Island Red chicken. Our method relies on band intensity which may make this assay vulnerable to subjective judgment.…”

“…Based on the molecular marker of tandem duplication, a few qRT-PCR and PCR-RFLP tests have been developed to distinguish homozygote and heterozygote cocks. However, the stability and accuracy of qRT-PCR tests could be improved, and PCR-RFLP tests might not be applicable to all chicken breeds [ 19 , 23 , 24 ]. More effective and accurate tests need to be explored.…”