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Wireless sensor network (WSN) IntroductionWSN consists of several sensor nodes with one or many sink nodes that are scattered in a physical environment to sense the events and gathering data. Sensor nodes sense the environment gathering information, integrate the data and send towards BS or sink node. The sink in turn queries the sensor nodes for information [1]. Manage connectivity and detecting nodes or link failures is difficult in unstructured WSN because there is large number of nodes. The sensor nodes are tiny devices with limited constraints and it is not feasible in deployed scenarios to recharging the batteries. Therefore to decrease energy consumption and prolonging the WSN lifetime is main design objective for sensor based applications and mechanisms [2]. Cluster based routing protocols decreases network complexity and give better routing efficiency .That's why these protocols are more attractive in the area of WSN. Based on the role of sensor nodes in cluster based networks can be divided into four different categories. 1) Cluster head (CH): It is coordination of a group of nodes located within the boundaries of the cluster. It receives, compress and aggregate the sensed data by the cluster members and transmit to next hop. 2) Base station (BS): It has high processing capabilities and unlimited source of energy. All the aggregated data processed here and then forward to end user. 3) Relay node (RN): Also called gateway node and it is responsible for relaying sensed or aggregated data by other nodes towards the destination. 4) General node (GN): These are common nodes that sensed the physical environment and forward the data to their cluster heads (CHs). Minimize energy consumption, routing overheads and collisions are some main advantages of cluster based routing protocols. In clustering mechanism the role of sensor nodes are divided into CH, relay node, general node and BS categories. The two main categories of clustering mechanisms in WSN are static and dynamic. When clusters are formed in static mechanism then they remain same throughout of WSN lifetime but in dynamic the role of CHs are rotated among sensor nodes to prolong the network lifetime and balance the energy consumption. Cluster based routing protocols uses single and multi hop mechanisms. Multi hop communication prolongs energy efficiency and network lifetime so it should be adopted [3]. Due to sensor node's limited constraints adhoc routing protocols are not feasible for WSN
Wireless sensor network (WSN) IntroductionWSN consists of several sensor nodes with one or many sink nodes that are scattered in a physical environment to sense the events and gathering data. Sensor nodes sense the environment gathering information, integrate the data and send towards BS or sink node. The sink in turn queries the sensor nodes for information [1]. Manage connectivity and detecting nodes or link failures is difficult in unstructured WSN because there is large number of nodes. The sensor nodes are tiny devices with limited constraints and it is not feasible in deployed scenarios to recharging the batteries. Therefore to decrease energy consumption and prolonging the WSN lifetime is main design objective for sensor based applications and mechanisms [2]. Cluster based routing protocols decreases network complexity and give better routing efficiency .That's why these protocols are more attractive in the area of WSN. Based on the role of sensor nodes in cluster based networks can be divided into four different categories. 1) Cluster head (CH): It is coordination of a group of nodes located within the boundaries of the cluster. It receives, compress and aggregate the sensed data by the cluster members and transmit to next hop. 2) Base station (BS): It has high processing capabilities and unlimited source of energy. All the aggregated data processed here and then forward to end user. 3) Relay node (RN): Also called gateway node and it is responsible for relaying sensed or aggregated data by other nodes towards the destination. 4) General node (GN): These are common nodes that sensed the physical environment and forward the data to their cluster heads (CHs). Minimize energy consumption, routing overheads and collisions are some main advantages of cluster based routing protocols. In clustering mechanism the role of sensor nodes are divided into CH, relay node, general node and BS categories. The two main categories of clustering mechanisms in WSN are static and dynamic. When clusters are formed in static mechanism then they remain same throughout of WSN lifetime but in dynamic the role of CHs are rotated among sensor nodes to prolong the network lifetime and balance the energy consumption. Cluster based routing protocols uses single and multi hop mechanisms. Multi hop communication prolongs energy efficiency and network lifetime so it should be adopted [3]. Due to sensor node's limited constraints adhoc routing protocols are not feasible for WSN
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