An efficient authentication method for AMBTC compressed images using adaptive pixel pair matching

High-Precision Authentication Scheme Based on Matrix Encoding for AMBTC-Compressed Images

“…Experimental results confirm Lin et al's scheme outperforms previous schemes on the image quality of watermarked images and tamper detection. However, it is a little regrettable that the scheme [29] did not completely solve the compression [30] proposed an efficient image authentication method for AMBTC-compressed images using adaptive pixel pair matching. In their scheme, image blocks are classified into edge and non-edge blocks using a predetermined threshold.…”

“…However, in a few cases, their scheme fails to authenticate the watermarked image due to having broken the natural correlation between quantization levels. Table 1 gives summaries of those authentication schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack.…”

“…Table 1 gives summaries of those authentication schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack. Also, most existing methods [23,[26][27][28][29][30] have the weakness that the upper bound of their first hierarchical tampering detection accuracy is around 93.75%.…”

“…In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack. Also, most existing methods [23,[26][27][28][29][30] have the weakness that the upper bound of their first hierarchical tampering detection accuracy is around 93.75%. Hence, most of them employ a second hierarchical tampering detection strategy, such as neighborhood elimination, to improve the tampering detection rate.…”

A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm

“…Hong et al [10] designed a new extraction function and new neighborhood set of two pixels called adaptive pixel pair matching (APPM). It allowed embedding digits in arbitrary notational system and the distortion caused by embedment using APPM was minimized; therefore the resultant marked image quality could be well preserved [15]. In [16], secure adaptive pixel pair matching (SAPPM) was proposed to hide multiple data types such as text, image, and audio which incorporated cryptography along with steganography.…”