An efficient approach for the load‐frequency control and its role under the conditions of deregulated environment

Abstract

SUMMARYThis paper describes an specific approach to resolving problem of load frequency (LF) control in the power system of Montenegro ( Serbia and Montenegro). The complete LF controller was developed, coded, and implemented on the single PC computer 'from the zero' by the Company's staff in a fast, feasible, and cost-effective manner. Its extremely high 'in-field' efficiency was achieved by: the compact design of the controller, the implementation of the algorithm for efficient filtering of Control Error, the implementation of the algorithm for minimizing of the regulating units movement, as well as the feed-back algorithm for permanent adjustment of the tie-lines power measurements. All details on these algorithms are given. The official field results for the 6 month exploitation have confirmed the top regulating success in the Second UCTE Synchronous Zone. The Electric Power Company of Montenegro (EPCG) was recently subjected to enacting of the new Energy Law, and to the promoting of the free electricity market. So, the additional modifications were made at the AGC controller to meet the requirements of deregulation processes. Thus, the AGC system keeps track of the momentary active power imbalance, detects it, corrects it and communicates an adequate amount of the balance energy service (BES) power, on the 15-minute basis, to the real-time part of the market operating system (MOS), where it will be allocated to the real time market (RTM) balancing resources.

Criteria for evaluation of power balance control performance in UCTE transmission grid

“…Their main advantage is that they are standard statistic measures that are easy to understand, so they have high potential to be accepted in the power engineering community. For instance, Stojkovic (2006) has already used the mean and the standard deviation, among other indices, for control performance comparison of the countries in the second UCTE zone (Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro and Macedonia).…”

Analysis of LFC in PV‐thermal‐thermal interconnected power system using fuzzy gain scheduling

“…Automatic LFC is a mechanism used to attain real power balance. In multiarea interconnected power systems, LFC is a significant feature to sustain the frequency and the tie‐line power of the interconnected area are as near as possible to the anticipated standards . A good power system should provide quality power concerning voltage and frequency even the existence of with system disturbances and with changes in the load.…”