An Efficient and Green Approach for the Esterification of Aromatic Acids with Various Alcohols over H₃PO₄/TiO₂-ZrO₂

Abstract

TiO2-ZrO2 was prepared with surfactant through a sol-gel method. Catalysts containing 5 -35% H3PO4 were prepared using these oxides. Subsequently the catalytic performance of prepared catalysts was determined for liquid phase esterification of aromatic acids. H3PO4/TiO2-ZrO2 has been used as catalyst to synthesize various novel esters by esterification of some aromatic acids with aliphatic alcohols (2-propanol, 1-butanol, iso butanol, 3-pentanol, 1-hexanol, heptanol, cyclo heptanol, octanol and decanol). Under optimized conditions, maximum yields and selectivity (100%) to the corresponding ester, was obtained by using 25 wt % H3PO4/TiO2-ZrO2 as catalyst. The Catalyst can be easily recycled after reaction and can be reused without any significant loss of activity/selectivity performance. No by-product formation, high yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity with reusability of the catalyst are the salient features of the present synthetic protocol. The reaction was carried out under solvent-free condition.

Dual Copper (II) Complex Supported on Diatomite as a Novel and Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[3;2‐b]Chromenediones and Aminopyranopyrans

“…Therefore, the development of efficient, convenient, environmentally benign, and recyclable catalyst is essential. In continuing to our previous works on synthesis and catalyst, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] herein, we introduce Diatomite-Si-Pr-TAT-Bis-(AZY-MY)(Cu) Phenol as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot threecomponent synthesis of pyranopyrans and chromenes.…”

Kinetic study on the reaction of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid with methanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride

“…However, the high ratio of alcohol to acid and the unclear process of catalyst recovery limit its large‐scale industrial application. To avoid these disadvantages, especially environmental pollution, some novel eco‐friendly catalysts, such as solid acid, 14–18 zeolites, 19–21 and ionic liquids 22–27 have been reported in the esterification of aromatic acids.…”

Aluminum Fluoride Modified Beta Zeolite as Highly Selective Catalyst for the Esterification of sec-Butanol with Acetic Acid

“…Nowadays various mineral acids including H 2 SO 4 , HCl, HF, H 3 PO 4 , and ClSO 2 OH are widely used as esterification catalysts in industry because of their high activity and low price, but the concerns associated with safe handling and disposal of these corrosive acids are encouraging the development of safer and green catalysts. Among the various heterogeneous acid catalysts explored to date, − H-form Beta zeolite (H-Beta) is considered a promising one because of its tunable acidity, high hydrothermal stability, and outstanding resistance to high temperature. − However, excessive strong acid sites in H-Beta lead to the formation of undesirable byproducts, giving rise to poorer selectivity to the target product . Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to modify H-Beta zeolite to improve its performance, especially the selectivity to target product.…”