An efficacious recombinant subunit vaccine against the salmonid rickettsial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis

Kuzyk, Michael A.; Burian, Ján; Machander, Dave; Dolhaine, Daphne; Cameron, Stephen L.; Thornton, Julian C.; Kay, William W.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00524-7

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For that reason, new approaches based on subunit or DNA vaccines could be used as an additional way to eliminate or minimize these outbreaks. Several proteins from fish bacterial pathogens have been shown to elicit an immune response against the respective infections (13,23,28), and DNA vaccines have been mainly studied for fish viral pathogens (14,19,27). Thus, a future form of prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture could be a polyspecific vaccine based on the use of a mixture of antigens or DNA-encoding antigens from different pathogens that would protect against several diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro andIn Vivo Studies of the Yrp1 Protease from Yersinia ruckeri andIts Role in Protective Immunity against Enteric Red MouthDisease ofSalmonids

Fernández

Lopez

Secades

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Yersinia ruckeri, the etiological agent of the enteric red mouth disease (ERM) of salmonids, produces Yrp1, a serralysin metalloprotease involved in pathogenesis. We describe here the hydrolytic and immunogenic properties of Yrp1. The protease was able to hydrolyze different matrix and muscle proteins as laminin, fibrinogen, gelatine, actin, and myosin but not type II and IV collagens. In addition, the Yrp1 protein, when inactivated by heat and used as an immunogen, was able to elicit a strong protection against the development of ERM. The analysis of different Y. ruckeri strains with (Azo ؉ ) or without (Azo ؊ ) Yrp1 activity showed that all of them contained the yrp1 operon. By using yrp1::lacZ operon fusions, protease production analysis, and complementation studies, it was possible to show that an Azo ؊ strain was blocked at the transcription level. The transcriptional study of the yrp1 operon under different environmental conditions showed that it was regulated by osmolarity and temperature, without pH influence. Finally, when ␤-galactosidase activity was used as a probe in vivo, the progression of the disease in the fish could be visualized, and the tropism of the bacterium and affected organs could be defined. This system opens a vast field of study not only with regard to fish disease progression but also in pathogen interactions, temporal gene expression, carrier stages, antibiotic resistance selection, etc.

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro andIn Vivo Studies of the Yrp1 Protease from Yersinia ruckeri andIts Role in Protective Immunity against Enteric Red MouthDisease ofSalmonids

Fernández

Lopez

Secades

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…One TRLO serovar, TRLO-SE, was linked to clinical cases of disease at sea cage farms and predictably caused disease in naïve Atlantic salmon parr during laboratory challenges. The IP challenge was modelled on several successful P. salmonis challenge methods described in the literature (Kuzyk et al 2001, Birkbeck et al 2004b, Salonius et al 2005, Wilhelm et al 2006. Challenge by cohabitation in fresh water was also considered (Almendras et al 1997a, Smith et al 2004) but was deemed unfeasible given that TRLO is instantaneously inactivated in fresh water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Tasmanian Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) from farmed salmonids: identification of multiple serotypes and confirmation of pathogenicity

Morrison¹,

Young²,

Knowles³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. farmed in south-east Tasmania, Australia, are susceptible to infection by the Tasmanian Rickettsia-like organism (TRLO), a Gram-negative bacterium. Here, we report the first isolation of TRLO from south-east Tasmania in pure culture and show that the bacterium is culturable on both specialised enriched agar and in cell culture using the CHSE-214 cell line. In vitro cultured TRLO was used to reproducibly elicit disease in Atlantic salmon parr held in fresh water. In inoculated fish, TRLO was observed intracytoplasmically in peripheral blood leucocytes, suggesting that these cells are responsible for haematogenous dispersal of the bacterium within the host. Fish with experimentally induced disease presented with gross and histopathological changes similar to TRLO-infected fish at commercial marine farms. TRLO was also isolated in culture from farmed Atlantic salmon in the Tamar River and Macquarie Harbour production areas in Tasmania, both of which have no history of TRLO-associated disease. These TRLO isolates appear to be serologically distinct from each other as well as from isolates obtained from south-east Tasmania, linking each serotype to a specific geographical location within Tasmania. Despite the lack of clinical evidence of TRLO-linked disease in fish grown in the Tamar River and Macquarie Harbour, experimental infection trials demonstrably showed the pathogenic potential of these TRLO serovars. Together, these data provide evidence that TRLO is a fastidious, facultative intracellular bacterium and confirm TRLO as a pathogen of Atlantic salmon, causing a disease designated Tasmanian salmonid rickettsiosis.KEY WORDS: Rickettsia-like organism · TRLO · Atlantic salmon · Salmo salar · Culture · Pathogenicity · Tasmania Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 122: [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] 2016 RLO (Khoo et al. 1995, Athanassopoulou et al. 2004, Corbeil et al. 2005, Wu et al. 2005 or P. salmonis-like organism (Antonio et al. 2000, Chen et al. 2000a,b, Mauel et al. 2003 until their taxonomic status can be formally resolved. This includes the Tasmanian RLO (TRLO), a bacte rium detected in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. farmed on the south-east coast of Tasmania, Austra lia (Corbeil et al. 2005).TRLO is an intracellular, Gram-negative coccoid bacterium that emerged in the summer of 2001 (Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment [DPIPWE] unpublished data). Since then, TRLO has been implicated in minor sporadic outbreaks of disease which have typically coincided with the annual peak in water temperature. The disease is characterised by a high morbidity rate which results in significant production loss through reduced feed intake but relatively low mortality, less than 10% of affected stock. During outbreaks, affected fish are commonly co-infected with the Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus (TSRV; Zainathan et al. 2015), and it is not known wh...

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“…However, this was not supported by a laboratory trial using rainbow trout, in which similar bacterin vaccines gave significant protection (2 to 4% mortality versus 20% in a control group) from intraperitoneal injection of Strain LF89 (Smith et al 1997). In a further bacterin vaccine trial, Kuzyk et al (2001) obtained weak protection of coho salmon challenged with P. salmonis LF-89 T after a 3 wk induction period at 10°C. Vaccines containing approximately 10 5 and 10 4 TCID 50 in adjuvant gave RPS values of 15 and 17.5, respectively, whereas a 1/20 dilution (approximately 10 3.7 TCID 50 ) showed enhanced mortality (RPS = -30%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported the effect of Chilean strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis, mainly LF-89 T , on coho salmon, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Smith et al 1996, Almendras et al 1997, House et al 1999, Kuzyk et al 2001, and one study included the effect of Strain NOR-92 on coho salmon (House et al 1999). Herein we report on the infectivity of a Scottish isolate of P. salmonis administered to Atlantic salmon by various routes aimed at developing a challenge model to test the efficacy of experimental vaccines against SRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity of a Scottish isolate of Piscirickettsia salmonis for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and immune response of salmon to this agent

Birkbeck¹,

Rennie²,

Hunter³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A Scottish isolate of Piscirickettsia salmonis (SCO-95A), previously shown by intraperitoneal injection to have a lethal dose (LD 50 ) of < 2 × 10 3 infectious rickettsial units, was tested for virulence by bath challenge, surface application to the skin, or dorsal median sinus injection. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts were used in all experiments, and exposure to 1 × 10 5 tissue culture infective doses (TCID) of P. salmonis ml -1 for 1 h in a bath challenge resulted in only 1 mortality, 18 d later, in 10 exposed fish. Application of 2.5 × 10 6 TCID of P. salmonis SCO-95A to paper discs on the skin failed to induce any mortalities within 42 d. Intraperitoneally, fish were administered vaccines containing 10 9 heat-inactivated (100°C, 30 min) or 10 9 formalin-inactivated P. salmonis SCO-95A in adjuvant, with a control group receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in adjuvant. After an induction period of over 6 mo fish were challenged by injection of P. salmonis into the dorsal median sinus. Mortalities in the control group reached 81.8% and the heat-inactivated and formalin-inactivated vaccines gave significant protection from P. salmonis, with relative percentage survivals of 70.7 and 49.6%, respectively. The nature of the protective antigen is unknown, but could be lipopolysaccharide or a heat-stable outer membrane protein. Fish that survived a dorsal median sinus challenge of P. salmonis or were cohabitants showed a strong immune response to P. salmonis.

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An efficacious recombinant subunit vaccine against the salmonid rickettsial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

In Vitro andIn Vivo Studies of the Yrp1 Protease from Yersinia ruckeri andIts Role in Protective Immunity against Enteric Red MouthDisease ofSalmonids

In Vitro andIn Vivo Studies of the Yrp1 Protease from Yersinia ruckeri andIts Role in Protective Immunity against Enteric Red MouthDisease ofSalmonids

Isolation of Tasmanian Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) from farmed salmonids: identification of multiple serotypes and confirmation of pathogenicity

Infectivity of a Scottish isolate of Piscirickettsia salmonis for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and immune response of salmon to this agent

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