An effector of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici targets chloroplasts with a novel and robust targeting signal

Andac, Ayse; Ozketen, Ahmet Caglar; Dagvadorj, Bayantes; Akkaya, Mahinur S.

doi:10.1007/s10658-020-02033-6

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…4C). Interestingly, while PstSCR1 was shown to be an apoplastic effector (Dagvadorj et al, 2017), PstCTE1 was suggested to localize in chloroplast (Andac et al, 2020) and Pst_8713 in cytoplasm and the nucleus (Zhao et al, 2018), potentially reflecting functional divergence. Together, our data suggest that sequence-unrelated structurally similar effector groups that may seem novel could have originated from conserved fungal proteins (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence-unrelated structurally similar effectors likely have distinct virulent functions and roles. For instance, different localizations of hydrophobin-like effectors in Pgt may reflect biochemical or biological specialization (Dagvadorj et al, 2017; Zhao et al, 2018; Andac et al, 2020). TIN2, TIN4 and TIN5 of U. maydis contribute at a varying degree to virulence and tumor formation (Brefort et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative computational structural genomics highlights divergent evolution of fungal effectors

Seong

Krasileva

2022

Preprint

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Elucidating the evolution of pathogen effector molecules is critical to understand infection mechanisms of fungal phytopathogens and ensure crop security. However, rapid diversification that diminishes sequence similarities between homologous effectors has largely concealed the roots of effector evolution. We predicted the folds of 26,653 secreted proteins from 21 species with AlphaFold and performed structure-guided comparative analyses on two aspects of effector evolution: uniquely expanded effector families and common folds present across the fungal species. Extreme expansion of nearly lineage-specific effector families was found only in several obligate biotrophs, Blumeria graminis and Puccinia graminis. The highly expanded effector families were the source of conserved sequence motifs, such as the Y/F/WxC motif. We identified additional lineage-specific effector families that include known (a)virulence factors, such as AvrSr35, AvrSr50 and Tin2. These families represented new classes of sequence-unrelated structurally similar effectors. Structural comparisons revealed that the expanded structural folds further diversify through domain duplications and fusion with disordered stretches. Sub-and neo-functionalized structurally similar effectors reconverge on regulation, expanding the functional pools of effectors in the pathogen infection cycle. We also found evidence that many effector families could have originated from ancestral folds that have been conserved across fungi. Collectively, our study highlights diverse mechanisms of effector evolution and supports divergent evolution of effectors that leads to emergence of pathogen virulence from ancestral proteins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative computational structural genomics highlights divergent evolution of fungal effectors

Seong

Krasileva

2022

Preprint

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“…pENTRY-PstCTE1 was used as the plasmid DNA material with a size of approximately 2.5 kb. 59 The plasmid isolation from the E. coli Top10/pENTRY-PstCTE1 was achieved using the AnalyticJena plasmid isolation kit (innuPREP Plasmid Mini Kit 2.0) by following the manufacturer’s protocol. The drug candidates (10, 20, and 50 μM) were mixed with 40 μg of plasmid DNA in sterile PBS buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pENTRY-PstCTE1 was used as the plasmid DNA material with a size of approximately 2.5 kb . The plasmid isolation from the E.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenophene-Modified Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Photosensitizers Exhibit Photodynamic Inhibition on a Broad Range of Bacteria

et al. 2022

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Microorganisms are crucial for human survival in view of both mutualistic and pathogen interactions. The control of the balance could be achieved by use of the antibiotics. There is a continuous arms race that exists between the pathogen and the antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria threatens health even for insignificant injuries. However, the discovery of new antibiotics is not a fast process, and the healthcare system will suffer if the evolution of MDR lingers in its current frequency. The cationic photosensitizers (PSs) provide a unique approach to develop novel, light-inducible antimicrobial drugs. Here, we examine the antimicrobial activity of innovative selenophene-modified boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based PSs on a variety of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria. The candidates demonstrate a level of confidence in both light-dependent and independent inhibition of bacterial growth. Among them, selenophene conjugated PS candidates (BOD-Se and BOD-Se-I) are promising agents to induce photodynamic inhibition (PDI) on all experimented bacteria: E. coli , S. aureus , B. cereus , and P. aeruginosa . Further characterizations revealed that photocleavage ability on DNA molecules could be potentially advantageous over extracellular DNA possessing biofilm-forming bacteria such as B. cereus and P. aeruginosa . Microscopy analysis with fluorescent BOD-H confirmed the colocalization on GFP expressing E. coli .

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“…That was expected as haustoria are key infection structures that invaginate host cells, which have been, and still are, highly investigated in plant pathology ( Hahn and Mendgen, 1997 ; Garnica et al, 2014 ; Bozkurt and Kamoun, 2020 ). Interestingly, the word chloroplast also appears frequently, as eight RPGs collectively reported 11 candidate effector proteins that target chloroplasts ( Petre et al, 2015 , 2016a , b ; Germain et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2019 ; Andac et al, 2020 ; Ozketen et al, 2020 ; Jaswal et al, 2021 ) ( Supplementary Dataset 1 – columns U–W). Chloroplasts emerge as important actors of plant immunity, and the list of pathogen effectors that target chloroplast rapidly expands ( Kretschmer et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2020 ; Littlejohn et al, 2021 ; Savage et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Pucciniales Genomes Facilitated the Investigation Of Rust Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A decade after the first Pucciniales genomes: A bibliometric snapshot of (post) genomics studies in three model rust fungi

Pêtre¹,

Duplessis²

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Pucciniales (rust fungi) are one of the largest fungal order of plant pathogens. They collectively infect key crops such as wheat and soybean, and threaten global food security. In the early 2010s, the genome sequences of three rust fungi were released: Melampsora larici-populina (the poplar leaf rust fungus), Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (the wheat stem rust fungus), and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triciti (the wheat stripe rust or wheat yellow rust fungus). The availability of those genomes has forwarded rust biology into the post-genomic era, sparking a series of genomics, transcriptomics, in silico, and functional studies. Here, we snapshot the last 10 years of post-genomics studies addressing M. larici-populina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, and/or P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. This mini-review notably reveals the model species-centered structure of the research community, and highlights the drastic increase of the number of functional studies focused on effectors since 2014, which notably revealed chloroplasts as a central host compartment targeted by rust fungi. This mini-review also discusses genomics-facilitated studies in other rust species, and emerging post-genomic research trends related to fully-phased rust genomes.

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An effector of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici targets chloroplasts with a novel and robust targeting signal

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Comparative computational structural genomics highlights divergent evolution of fungal effectors

Comparative computational structural genomics highlights divergent evolution of fungal effectors

Selenophene-Modified Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Photosensitizers Exhibit Photodynamic Inhibition on a Broad Range of Bacteria

A decade after the first Pucciniales genomes: A bibliometric snapshot of (post) genomics studies in three model rust fungi

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