A widely adopted
strategy to enhance the electronic conductivity of lithium transition
metal phosphates is to form a phosphate/C composite by introducing
reagents (carbon sources) that can transform to carbon during calcination.
In the present work, a systematic study combining X-ray diffraction,
scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrochemical
measurements was conducted to investigate how the electrostatic interaction
between the functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc.) of a carbon
source and the building units of Li3V2(PO4)3 (Li+, VO2+, PO4
3–, etc.) in the original precursor affects the
structure of a Li3V2(PO4)3–carbon interface in the final composite. It was demonstrated
that the types and concentrations of electronegative functional groups
in a carbon source play an important role in controlling not only
the morphology of the product but also the composition, crystallinity
and microstructure of the Li3V2(PO4)3–carbon interface and, in turn, the electrochemical
behavior of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite. This study provides guidance on carbon–lithium
transition metal phosphate interface design and control.