Abstract:Objectives. Given that microorganisms can become resistant to certain groups of drugs and considering also their ability to form biofilms, the development of new drugs that are active against adapted microflora is required. This study focused on the development of a new method for the synthesis of a promising compound, the branched hydrosuccinate oligohexamethylene guanidine (OHMGsucc), with high purity that meets the standards of the 14th edition State Pharmacopeia of the Russia… Show more
“…The observed effect of inhibition of biofouling in the case of DNDamine coating seems to have the same mechanism as that observed for polycationic polymers -guanidine derivatives, which are known antiseptic agents [42][43][44]. In the case of the latter, close contact of a substance with a high density of positively charged groups with cell walls…”
The development of different methods for tuning surface properties is currently of great interest. The presented work is devoted to the use of modified nanodiamonds to control the wetting and biological fouling of polymers using optical sensors as an example. We have shown that, depending on the type of modification and the amount of nanodiamonds, the surface of the same fluorinated polymer can have both bactericidal properties and, on the contrary, good adhesion to the biomaterial. The precise control of wetting and biofouling properties of the surface was achieved by the optimization of the modified nanodiamonds thermal anchoring conditions. In vitro and in vivo tests have shown that the fixation of amine functional groups leads to inhibition of biological activity, while the presence of a large number of polar groups of mixed composition (amide and acid chloride) promotes adhesion of the biomaterial and allows one to create a biosensor on-site. A comprehensive study made it possible to establish that in the first 5 days the observed biosensor response is provided by cells adhered to the surface due to the cell wall interaction. On the 7th day, the cells are fixed by means of the polysaccharide matrix, which provides much better retention on the surface and a noticeably greater response to substrate injections. Nevertheless, it is important to note that even 1.5 h of incubation is sufficient for the formation of the reliable bioreceptor on the surface with the modified nanodiamonds. The approach demonstrated in this work makes it possible to easily and quickly isolate the microbiome on the surface of the sensor and perform the necessary studies of its substrate specificity or resistance to toxic effects.
“…The observed effect of inhibition of biofouling in the case of DNDamine coating seems to have the same mechanism as that observed for polycationic polymers -guanidine derivatives, which are known antiseptic agents [42][43][44]. In the case of the latter, close contact of a substance with a high density of positively charged groups with cell walls…”
The development of different methods for tuning surface properties is currently of great interest. The presented work is devoted to the use of modified nanodiamonds to control the wetting and biological fouling of polymers using optical sensors as an example. We have shown that, depending on the type of modification and the amount of nanodiamonds, the surface of the same fluorinated polymer can have both bactericidal properties and, on the contrary, good adhesion to the biomaterial. The precise control of wetting and biofouling properties of the surface was achieved by the optimization of the modified nanodiamonds thermal anchoring conditions. In vitro and in vivo tests have shown that the fixation of amine functional groups leads to inhibition of biological activity, while the presence of a large number of polar groups of mixed composition (amide and acid chloride) promotes adhesion of the biomaterial and allows one to create a biosensor on-site. A comprehensive study made it possible to establish that in the first 5 days the observed biosensor response is provided by cells adhered to the surface due to the cell wall interaction. On the 7th day, the cells are fixed by means of the polysaccharide matrix, which provides much better retention on the surface and a noticeably greater response to substrate injections. Nevertheless, it is important to note that even 1.5 h of incubation is sufficient for the formation of the reliable bioreceptor on the surface with the modified nanodiamonds. The approach demonstrated in this work makes it possible to easily and quickly isolate the microbiome on the surface of the sensor and perform the necessary studies of its substrate specificity or resistance to toxic effects.
“…Branched oligoguanidines have significantly lower toxicity and pronounced bactericidal and antiviral activities compared with polymer analogs with linear structures [44,45]. This confirms their application potential as active ingredients in the development of antibacterial drugs.…”
Section: Guanidine Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 62%
“…The spectrum of antimicrobial activity of PHMG-HC covers gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, mycobacteria, and viruses. Despite its wide spectrum, PHMG-HC is hypoallergenic and has low toxicity [27,28]; it can also be used in conjunction with other biocidal components, e.g., as a skin antiseptic [29,30] or in solid dosage form [31]. The antifungal activity of PHMG-HC enables its application for conservation [32] and as an effective sporicidal tool for combating bacterial spores and nosocomial infections [33].…”
Section: Guanidine Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Branched oligomers are obtained by the interaction of HMDA and GHC in the melt, in molar ratios of 1.0:1.0 to 1.0:1.2, at temperatures of 180-230°C, with a residence time in the range of 3-12 h [45].…”
Section: Preparation Of Polyguanidines and Their Derivativesmentioning
Objectives. The study aimed to analyze the current antiseptics and disinfectants, explore the possibility of synthesizing various antiseptics including oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (OHMG-HC) using microfluidic technology, and investigate the main synthesis parameters affecting the properties of the resulting product.Methods. This article presented a review of literature sources associated with investigations of antimicrobial resistance, the uses of agents based on polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, and other salts, obained using modern synthesis technologies with microreactors.Results. The relevance of developing production technologies for the “OHMG-HC branched” substance was determined. The microfluidic method for the synthesis of polymers, and its application prospects for obtaining the target substance were compared with the existing methods. Advantages of the microfluidic method were indicated.Conclusions. Microreactor technologies allow for more accurate control of the conditions of the polycondensation reaction of the starting monomers and increase the yield and selectivity of the oligomers obtained, leading to an increase in the product purity and process efficiency, in contrast with other known methods. The use of microreactor technologies for the synthesis of branched oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride products is a promising strategy.
“…It was found that polycondensation with the formation of branched alkylene guanidine can be effectively conducted at a low optimum temperature [ 17 , 18 ]. Thus, during preliminary tests, it was found that the supply of reagents or their mixtures to the microreactor in the form of concentrated aqueous solutions allows the polycondensation process to be conducted stably, i.e., with a small number of technological failures [ 19 ]. Taking into account a need for the synthesis of new antimicrobial agents on one hand, and the development of a promising method for producing them on the other, the aim of this work was to develop a microreactor method for producing branched oligoguanidines with a narrow molecular-weight distribution.…”
This paper reports the synthesis of branched alkylene guanidines using microfluidic technologies. We describe the preparation of guanidine derivatives at lower temperatures, and with significantly less time than that required in the previously applicable method. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics allows the attainment of high-purity products with a low residual monomer content, which can expand the range of applications of this class of compounds. For all the samples obtained, the molecular-weight characteristics are calculated, based on which the optimal condensation conditions are established. Additionally, in this work, the antiviral activity of the alkylene guanidine salt against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is confirmed.
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