An Effective Method for Detecting Double JPEG Compression With the Same Quantization Matrix

Yang, Jianquan; Xie, Jin; Zhu, Guopu; Kwong, Sam; Shi, Yun-Qing

doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2359368

Cited by 111 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…(xvi) Double JPEG Detection (DJD) is an important concept for the detection of forged images. Different methods have been developed for detecting double JPEG compression when the information about the primary compression is given in terms of quantization table [30]. Yang et al [30] proposed a method for the detection of double JPEG compression when the quantization matrix is same.…”

Section: (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been developed for detecting double JPEG compression when the information about the primary compression is given in terms of quantization table [30]. Yang et al [30] proposed a method for the detection of double JPEG compression when the quantization matrix is same. (xvii) JPEG structure/coefficients/ghost detection (JSCGD) method is employed for distinguishing the single and double JPEG compression, which is an indication for the image manipulation and detection [31].…”

Section: (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification and evaluation of digital forensic tools

2020

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Digital forensic tools (DFTs) are used to detect the authenticity of digital images. Different DFTs have been developed to detect the forgery like (i) forensic focused operating system, (ii) computer forensics, (iii) memory forensics, (iv) mobile device forensics, and (v) software forensics tools (SFTs). These tools are dedicated to detect the forged images depending on the type of the applications. Based on our review, we found that in literature of the DFTs less attention is given to the evaluation and analysis of the forensic tools. Among various DFTs, we choose SFTs because it is concerned with the detection of the forged digital images. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to classify the different DFTs and evaluate the software forensic tools (SFTs) based on the different features which are present in the SFTs. In our work, we evaluate the following five SFTs, i.e., "FotoForensics", "JPEGsnoop", "Ghiro", "Forensically", and "Izitru", based on different features so that new research directions can be identified for the development of the SFTs.

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Section: (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and evaluation of digital forensic tools

2020

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“…The authentication of JPEG compression history commonly includes three tasks: JPEG compression identification [6]- [8] (i.e. identify whether the image under investigation is uncompressed image or has been previously JPEG-compressed), quantization step estimation from an uncompressed image [6], [8]- [12], and double JPEG compression detection [13]- [16].…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

JPEG Quantization Step Estimation and Its Applications to Digital Image Forensics

Thai

Cogranne

Retraint

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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The goal of the paper is to propose an accurate method for estimating quantization steps from an image that has been previously JPEG-compressed and stored in lossless format. The method is based on the combination of the quantization effect and the statistics of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient characterized by the statistical model that has been proposed in our previous works. The analysis of quantization effect is performed within a mathematical framework, which justifies the relation of local maxima of the number of integer quantized forward coefficients with the true quantization step. From the candidate set of the true quantization step given by the previous analysis, the statistical model of DCT coefficients is used to provide the optimal quantization step candidate. The proposed method can also be exploited to estimate the secondary quantization table in a double-JPEG compressed image stored in lossless format, and detect the presence of JPEG compression. Numerical experiments on large image databases with different image sizes and quality factors highlight the high accuracy of the proposed method.

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“…These methods scrutinize the artifacts and inconsistencies in different parts of an image and determine if the image is spliced of different compression levels. For this purpose, a wide variety of methods are available, including blocking,[2311] quality factor,[121314] discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients,[215] or quantization error in image compression formats such as joint photographic experts group (JPEG) file format. [1216]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some recent studies that detect double-JPEG compression. [2312141819] The most relevant papers to our study are briefly discussed in the following.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized ghost detection and segmentation method for double-joint photographic experts group compression

Azarianpour

Sadri

2019

J Med Signals Sens

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Background:The versatility of digital photographs and vast usage of image processing tools have made the image manipulation accessible and ubiquitous. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop digital image forensics tools, specifically for joint photographic experts group (JPEG) format which is the most prevailing format for storing digital photographs. Existing double JPEG methods needs improvement to reduce their sensitivity to the random grid shifts which is highly common in manipulation scenario. Also, a fully automatic pipeline, in terms of segmentation followed by the classifier is still required.Methods:First, a low-pass filter (with some modifications) is used to distinguish between high-textured and low-textured areas. Then, using the inconsistency values between the quality-factors, a grayscale image, called the ghost image, is constituted. To automate the whole method, a novel segmentation method is also proposed, which extracts the ghost borders. In the last step of the proposed method, using Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic, the distance between two separated areas (ghost area and the rest of the image) is calculated and compared with a predefined threshold to confirm the presence of forgery/authenticity.Results:In this study, a simple yet efficient algorithm to detect double-JPEG compression is proposed. This method reveals the sub-visual differences in the quality factor in the different parts of the image. Afterward, forgery borders are extracted and are used to assess authenticity score. In our experiments, the average specificity of our segmentation method exceeds 92% and the average precision is 75%.Conclusion:The final binary results for classification are compared with six state-of-the-art methods. According to several performance metrics, our method outperforms the previously proposed ones.

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An Effective Method for Detecting Double JPEG Compression With the Same Quantization Matrix

Cited by 111 publications

References 19 publications

Classification and evaluation of digital forensic tools

Classification and evaluation of digital forensic tools

JPEG Quantization Step Estimation and Its Applications to Digital Image Forensics

A generalized ghost detection and segmentation method for double-joint photographic experts group compression

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