An educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviours to reduce childhood diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: formulation, preparation and delivery of educational intervention

Stanton, Bonita; Clemens, John D.; Khair, Tajkera; Khatun, Khodeza; Jahan, Dilwara Akhter

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(87)90054-2

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…However, the effectiveness of educational interventions in developing countries show mixed results; for example, telling or teaching individuals to wash their hands does not always translate to long-term behavioral changes [24, 25]. One study aiming to increase sanitation and health behaviors to decrease diarrheal disease in rural Afghanistan found limited effectiveness from educational interventions and concluded that it is better to promote integrated interventions, like the provision of water treatment chemicals, training in the use of water storage containers, and hygiene education, than any one intervention by itself [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic practices and diarrheal illness among persons living in at-risk settings in Kabul, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSustained civil and military conflict, resulting in large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP), in combination with rapid urbanization has strained public health and sanitation within cities in Afghanistan. In order to examine the association between preventive sanitary behaviors and diarrhea within two high risk settings located within Kabul, Afghanistan, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hygienic practices and diarrheal illness in an IDP camp and an urban slum.MethodsIn this cross sectional study, a convenience sample of residents of an IDP camp and an urban slum in Kabul, Afghanistan, was used. Participants were asked to describe their hygienic practices and interviewers independently documented household sanitation. The knowledge and attitudes about and practice of hygienic activities to prevent diarrhea were compared between the two settings.ResultsTwo hundred participants, 100 from each setting, were enrolled. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hygienic activities to prevent diarrhea were greater among the slum dwellers than the IDP. Fewer than half of participants washed their hands with soap before eating or after eating: 31 % of slum dwellers washed before eating compared to 11 % of IDPs (P = 0.0050), and 25 % of slum dwellers washed after defecating compared to 4 % of IDPs (P = 0.0020). The IDPs were more likely to share a latrine (P = 0.0144) and less likely to disinfect their latrine than slum dwellers. Diarrhea in the household within the past 3 months was more common in the IDP camp (54 %) than the slum (20 %) (P = 0.0020).ConclusionsEven though certain sanitary and hygienic practices were more common among slum dwellers than IDPs, the lack of hygienic activities in both setting indicates that interventions to change behavior, like increasing the availability of soap and encouraging hand washing, are needed. Any initiative will have to be developed in the context of pervasive illiteracy among persons in both of these settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1789-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic practices and diarrheal illness among persons living in at-risk settings in Kabul, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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“…Behavioral interventions designed to increase handwashing and other water-sanitation behaviors conducted in the 1980s and 1990s successfully reduced the incidence of disease, such as diarrhea through targeted education programs (Stanton, Clemens, Khair, Khatun, & Jahan, 1987). Proper handwashing was shown to reduce rates of diarrheal and respiratory disease by up to 33% (Fewtrell et al, 2005; Haggerty, Muladi, Kirkwood, Ashworth, & Manunebo, 1994; Zwane & Kremer, 2007).…”

Section: Cross-cutting Interventions In Survival and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of the Korean Health Literacy Instrument

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2014

Journal of Health Communication

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In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children's Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to identify the relevant evidence-based interventions and to prepare reports. This article was developed by the evidence review team responsible for identifying the research literature on caregiver change for child survival and development. This article is organized into childhood developmental periods and cross-cutting issues that affect child survival and healthy early development across all these periods. On the basis of this review, the authors present evidence-based recommendations for programs focused on caregivers to increase child survival and promote healthy development. Last, promising directions for future research to change caregivers' behaviors are given.

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“…With dirty surroundings and large numbers of flies, contamination is much more likely. It has been argued that by promotion of personal and domestic hygiene a reduction in diarrhoeal incidence rates between 14% and 48% can occur mainly through hand-washing alone (28,29). Contamination of weaning foods was found to N .…”

Section: Cleanliness Of Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan: IV. Child care practices

1993

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Child care practices and hygiene measures were studied at 6 months of age in a longitudinally followed cohort of 1476 infants born between September 1984 to March 1987 in four socio-economically different areas in and around Lahore, Pakistan. Although, 76-98% of the mothers looked after their infants during health and 96-98% during a diarrhoeal illness, child care practices and hygiene measures differed significantly between the four areas. During a diarrhoeal episode, the mothers from the upper middle class took timely medical help, fed ample food and Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) to the sick infants and provided uncontaminated food to them in clean surroundings. The mothers from the village and the periurban slum took their sick child, mostly after the second day of illness, to a doctor, but preferred home remedies. Fourteen percent of the mothers in the village and 6% in the periurban slum did not seek any medical help at all. One-third of the families, from these two areas, fed food to children 12 hours after cooking; the surroundings of the child were dirty with large numbers of flies present throughout the year, though the food was commonly kept covered with a lid. We constructed a simple measure of the surroundings of the child, rated as dirty, medium or clean; it was found to be associated to both parental illiteracy and child growth, but not with housing standard. The main conclusion is that any attempt to improve child-care practices and the hygienic environment for the child, should focus on maternal literacy and simple health messages.

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An educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviours to reduce childhood diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: formulation, preparation and delivery of educational intervention

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Hygienic practices and diarrheal illness among persons living in at-risk settings in Kabul, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

Hygienic practices and diarrheal illness among persons living in at-risk settings in Kabul, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

Development and Evaluation of the Korean Health Literacy Instrument

Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan: IV. Child care practices

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