An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short‐term ryegrasses in <scp>N</scp>ew <scp>Z</scp>ealand dairy farm systems

Chapman, D. F.; Bryant, Jeremy; Olayemi, Muyiwa; Edwards, G. R.; Thorrold, B.S.; McMillan, W. H.; Kerr, G.A.; Judson, Glenn; Cookson, Tim; Moorhead, A. J. E.; Norriss, M.G.

doi:10.1111/gfs.12213

Cited by 72 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In New Zealand, the difference between the highest-ranked and the lowest-ranked perennial ryegrass cultivar ranges from $556 profit/ha to $863/ha, depending on the region. Since the 1960s, pasture selection has delivered $12-$18/ha.year in extra farm profits (Chapman et al 2017). The immediate research challenge is to evaluate the FVI in a farm-system context with support from modelling, and to extend the FVI beyond yield evaluation to nutritive and persistence traits of the cultivars.…”

Section: Capturing Forage-yield Benefits From Genetic Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of feeding dairy cows in Australia and New Zealand

Wales¹,

Kolver

2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. There is a continuing evolution of feeding systems in both Australian and New Zealand dairy industries and this presents challenges for the future. Since the turn of the century, the two countries have diverged in industry growth characteristics, with Australian dairying having contracted, with 10% less milk being produced because of 20% fewer cows producing 15% more per cow, whereas New Zealand dairying has expanded, producing 83% more milk driven by a 54% increase in cow numbers and a 31% increase in milk production per cow. Solutions to optimise feed efficiency included the common themes of (1) growing more forage on farm, (2) increasing its utilisation and (3) more efficient use of supplements resulting in increases in DM intake, and they remain relevant. In New Zealand, many of the recent research activities have aimed at improving feed supply while limiting environmental impacts driven by increasing societal concern surrounding the environmental footprint of a growing and intensifying agricultural sector. In Australia, many of the recent research activities have aimed at improving feed efficiency, with a focus on understanding situations where partial mixed ration feeding systems (Australian Farm Systems 3 and 4) are sustainable. Simply growing more feed on farm can no longer be a sole objective; farms must be operated with a view to reduce the environmental footprint, with New Zealand dairy farmers increasingly needing to farm within nitrogen limits. The present review revisits and reinforces many of the concepts developed in previous reviews, but also examines the evolution of feeding systems in both countries and opportunities to improve feed efficiency and profit, while satisfying public expectations around environmental stewardship. We also identify some of the gaps in the current knowledge that warrant further research.

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Section: Capturing Forage-yield Benefits From Genetic Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of feeding dairy cows in Australia and New Zealand

Wales¹,

Kolver

2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…When averaged across the three scenarios shown in Table 1, the "under" and "over" treatments resulted in 240-465 kg¨DM/ha lower herbage accumulation compared with the "target" treatment. Using the Dairy NZ Forage Value Index figure for the economic value (EV) of additional pasture grown in autumn in Canterbury ($0.30 per kg¨DM, [38]), this equates to between $70 and $140/ha potential profit foregone. This is the potential economic cost of missing the target range for the optimum residual state of the pasture.…”

Section: Targets For Residual Pasture Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Using Ecophysiology to Improve Farm Efficiency: Application in Temperate Dairy Grazing Systems

Chapman

2016

Agriculture

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Information on the physiological ecology of grass-dominant pastures has made a substantial contribution to the development of practices that optimise the amount of feed harvested by grazing animals in temperate livestock systems. However, the contribution of ecophysiology is often under-stated, and the need for further research in this field is sometimes questioned. The challenge for ecophysiolgists, therefore, is to demonstrate how ecophysiological knowledge can help solve significant problems looming for grassland farming in temperate regions while also removing constraints to improved productivity from grazed pastures. To do this, ecophysiological research needs to align more closely with related disciplines, particularly genetics/genomics, agronomy, and farming systems, including systems modelling. This review considers how ecophysiological information has contributed to the development of grazing management practices in the New Zealand dairy industry, an industry that is generally regarded as a world leader in the efficiency with which pasture is grown and utilised for animal production. Even so, there are clear opportunities for further gains in pasture utilisation through the refinement of grazing management practices and the harnessing of those practices to improved pasture plant cultivars with phenotypes that facilitate greater grazing efficiency. Meanwhile, sub-optimal persistence of new pastures continues to constrain productivity in some environments. The underlying plant and population processes associated with this have not been clearly defined. Ecophysiological information, placed in the context of trait identification, grounded in well-designed agronomic studies and linked to plant improvements programmes, is required to address this.

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“…36 there is existing information that demonstrates the importance of nutritive value traits and the potential 50 economic returns from trait improvement, the overall breeding effort for nutritive traits in ryegrass has 51 received considerably less attention than for DMY (SMITH et al 1997). Increased breeding effort for 52 nutritive traits, with validated outcomes for animal productivity, would provide enhanced on-farm 53 value to farmers (JAFARI et al 2003a;CHAPMAN et al 2017). 54…”

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Genomic predictive ability for foliar nutritive traits in perennial ryegrass

Arojju

Cao

Jahufer

et al. 2019

Preprint

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11Forage nutritive value impacts animal nutrition, which underpins livestock productivity, reproduction 12 and health. Genetic improvement for nutritive traits has been limited, as they are typically expensive 13 and time-consuming to measure through conventional methods. Genomic selection is appropriate for 14 such complex and expensive traits, enabling cost-effective prediction of breeding values using genome-15 wide markers. The aims of the present study were to assess the potential of genomic selection for a 16 range of nutritive traits in a multi-population training set, and to quantify contributions of genotypic, Genomic selection for nutritive traits 2 39 Genomic selection for nutritive traits 4 program. From each population, 102 to 117 plants that tested positive for endophyte infection (Epichloё 126 festucae var lolli) by immunoblotting (HAHN et al. 2003), were polycrossed in isolation during spring 127 2012 in Palmerston North, New Zealand (FAVILLE et al. 2018). Polycrosses were performed separately 128 for each population, without admixing, and seeds from the maternal parents were harvested and 129 cleaned. In total 543 half-sib families were harvested for seed, however only 517 families had sufficient 130 seed (≥ 3.6g) for sowing field trials. 131 A total of six trials were sown (FAVILLE et al. 2018), of which two were used for the current study. 132 These were trials established at Lincoln (Canterbury region, southern New Zealand, 43.38°S 172.62°E; 133 Wakanui silt loam) and Aorangi (Manawatu region, central New Zealand, 40.34°S 175.46°E; Kairanga 134 sandy loam), during the autumn of 2013. The experimental design at each site was row-column with 135 three replicates. Within each replicate, populations were blocked, and families randomized within 136 blocks. Multiple repeated checks (clonal replicates) were also randomly allocated within and across 137 the replicated blocks. Half-sib families were evaluated as a 1m row of plants (referred to from now as 138 plots), by sowing 0.2 g of seed (which is equivalent to 14 kg ha -1 , if a sward was sown at 7 rows m -1 ). 139 Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer was applied at the rate of 15-30 kg N ha -1 and 8.8 kg P ha -1 , in late 140 autumn each year (FAVILLE et al. 2018). 141 2.2 Phenotypic measurements 142

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An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short‐term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Challenges of feeding dairy cows in Australia and New Zealand

Challenges of feeding dairy cows in Australia and New Zealand

Using Ecophysiology to Improve Farm Efficiency: Application in Temperate Dairy Grazing Systems

Genomic predictive ability for foliar nutritive traits in perennial ryegrass

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