“…Acharyya (2012) suggests changes in the existing institutions of irrigation in India for generating efficiency and proper groundwater irrigation management. Ma et al (2016) propose an evaluation model for groundwater used for irrigation, which take into account the infrastructure price, resource price and environment price based on monetary values. Meinzen-Dick et al (2018) present an innovative use of collective action games to not only measure propensity for cooperation but also to improve local understanding of groundwater interrelationships and stimulate collective governance of groundwater, based on a pilot study in Andhra Pradesh, India.…”
Based on village-level primary household survey in three districts of West Bengal, the present study tries to understand the groundwater market structure using the standard market theory. Comparing the internal rate of return of private investors on groundwater irrigation with past studies, it is found that although the degree of monopoly has gone down in the state over time, a certain element of monopoly still exists in the groundwater market. The estimates of price-tomarginal cost ratios and the Lerner index amply demonstrate the existence of high degree of monopoly in groundwater market. The study also shows that since banks give loans based on collateral, it is the large farmland owners who benefit from these bank loans for installation of electric submersibles for groundwater irrigation. Factors such as availability of rain and canal water, advance payment for water, distance of the land from the irrigation source, and maintenance and labour cost of water extraction mechanism also affect the price of water. As the groundwater extraction increases, it leads to lowering of the groundwater table leading to increasing cost for the water seller who in effect transfers the increasing cost to price leading to a rise in groundwater prices. This is a cause of concern not only for the small and marginal farmers but also for the sustainability of groundwater.
Studies in Microeconomics6(1-2) 105-129
“…Acharyya (2012) suggests changes in the existing institutions of irrigation in India for generating efficiency and proper groundwater irrigation management. Ma et al (2016) propose an evaluation model for groundwater used for irrigation, which take into account the infrastructure price, resource price and environment price based on monetary values. Meinzen-Dick et al (2018) present an innovative use of collective action games to not only measure propensity for cooperation but also to improve local understanding of groundwater interrelationships and stimulate collective governance of groundwater, based on a pilot study in Andhra Pradesh, India.…”
Based on village-level primary household survey in three districts of West Bengal, the present study tries to understand the groundwater market structure using the standard market theory. Comparing the internal rate of return of private investors on groundwater irrigation with past studies, it is found that although the degree of monopoly has gone down in the state over time, a certain element of monopoly still exists in the groundwater market. The estimates of price-tomarginal cost ratios and the Lerner index amply demonstrate the existence of high degree of monopoly in groundwater market. The study also shows that since banks give loans based on collateral, it is the large farmland owners who benefit from these bank loans for installation of electric submersibles for groundwater irrigation. Factors such as availability of rain and canal water, advance payment for water, distance of the land from the irrigation source, and maintenance and labour cost of water extraction mechanism also affect the price of water. As the groundwater extraction increases, it leads to lowering of the groundwater table leading to increasing cost for the water seller who in effect transfers the increasing cost to price leading to a rise in groundwater prices. This is a cause of concern not only for the small and marginal farmers but also for the sustainability of groundwater.
Studies in Microeconomics6(1-2) 105-129
“…North China Plain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in China (Ma et al 2016). More than 76 % of the nation's wheat and 29 % of its maize are produced in this region (China Statistics Bureau 2015).…”
The use of reclaimed water (RW) for irrigation alleviates agricultural water shortages. However, N 2 O emissions and N fertilizer transformations in soils irrigated with RW under different N fertilizer types and soil moisture contents are poorly understood. A 216-h laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation water types (RW and fresh water, FW), N fertilizer types ( 15 N-labeled KNO 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), and soil moisture contents at 40, 60, and 90 % water-filled pore space (WFPS) on N 2 O emissions and N fertilizer transformations in intact soil cores. The results showed that cumulative N 2 O emissions ranged from 3.78 to 36.30 mg N m −2 , and fertilizer-derived N 2 O losses accounted for 0.14-2.44 % of N fertilizers, while fertilizer-derived N residues (NO 3 − -N + NH 4 + -N) accounted for 10.16-26.95 % of N fertilizers. The N 2 O emissions at 40 % WFPS and fertilizer-derived N residues at 60 % WFPS in soils irrigated with RW were significantly (10.98 and 20.95 %, respectively) higher than those irrigated with FW, while fertilizer-derived N 2 O losses at 60 % WFPS in soils irrigated with RW were 10.26 % higher than those irrigated with FW. The N 2 O emissions and fertilizer-derived N 2 O losses in soils amended with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 40 and 60 % WFPS were significantly (26.61-178.84 %) larger than those amended with KNO 3 , while fertilizer-derived N residues in soils amended with KNO 3 were significantly (41.47 %) higher than those amended with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The N 2 O emissions significantly increased with increasing soil moisture content. Our results indicate that N fertilizer types and soil moisture contents are the two important factors regulating N 2 O emissions and N fertilizer transformations. When RW irrigation is used, controlling soil moisture contents within 41 and 60 % WFPS (the optimum is 46 % WFPS) and application of KNO 3 can reduce N 2 O emissions and fertilizer-derived N 2 O losses, and correspondingly increase fertilizer-derived N residues, which can contribute to climate change mitigation.
“…The area in Hebei Province implementing water-saving irrigation has steadily increased in recent years, and the volume of GE has been decreasing each year; the result is that groundwater recovery has, in fact, been observed in certain areas. However, due to the many factors that affect the groundwater regime, it is difficult to quantify the contribution of each factor to changes in the groundwater table (Ma et al, 2016). To date, studies have discussed the influence of irrigation development on groundwater depletion (Hu, Delgado, Zhang, & Ma, 2005;Lv et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2016;Yang, Watanabe, Sakura, Tang, & Seiji, 2002) and the impact of implementing water-saving irrigation on halting the fall of the groundwater table or even raising the groundwater table (Liu et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2010, Ma, Feng, & Song, 2015.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, due to the many factors that affect the groundwater regime, it is difficult to quantify the contribution of each factor to changes in the groundwater table (Ma et al, 2016). To date, studies have discussed the influence of irrigation development on groundwater depletion (Hu, Delgado, Zhang, & Ma, 2005;Lv et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2016;Yang, Watanabe, Sakura, Tang, & Seiji, 2002) and the impact of implementing water-saving irrigation on halting the fall of the groundwater table or even raising the groundwater table (Liu et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2010, Ma, Feng, & Song, 2015. Unfortunately, the majority of existing studies have focused only on one irrigation district or several representative sites to explain and quantify the influence, and a regional-scale analysis has not been done.…”
a Key laboratory of subsurface Hydrology and ecological effect in arid region of ministry of education, Xi'an, china; b school of environmental science and engineering, chang'an university, Xi'an, china; c Department of Biological and agricultural engineering & Zachry Department of civil and environmental engineering, texas a&m university, college station, usa ABSTRACT This study performed a quantitative evaluation of the impact of water-saving irrigation on the groundwater regime in the Hebei Province plains area. In this work, the change in groundwater regime and the contributions of precipitation and water-saving irrigation development were investigated. The results indicate that the groundwater overdraft has been mitigated to some extent, mainly due to changes in precipitation and the implementation of watersaving irrigation, with contributions of 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, when considering only these two factors. Water-saving irrigation is accepted as an important means for reducing groundwater depletion, but should be used in conjunction with other measures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.