An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Subclinical (Mild) Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Skinner, J. T.; Bauer, Sharon; Young, Virginia; Pauling, Gail; Wilson, Jeff

doi:10.1637/9565-939910-digest.1

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…NE is estimated to cost U.S. commercial poultry producers up to $3 billion annually. Even mild subclinical outbreaks in a flock can cost more than $0.07 per bird (Skinner et al, 2010). The incidence of NE has been increasing globally following the reduction in use of in-feed antibiotics, such as virginiamycin, that are used to control enteric diseases in poultry (Williams, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Montmorillonite-Based Dietary Supplement Attenuates Necrotic Enteritis Induced by Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens in Broilers

et al. 2016

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry disease caused by Clostridium perfringens and characterized by severe intestinal necrosis. The incidence of avian NE has been progressively increasing following the removal of antibiotics from poultry feed. We evaluated the effect of diets supplemented with the thermally-processed clays, calcium montmorillonite (CaMM) on clinical signs, immunopathology, and cytokine responses in broiler chickens using an experimental model of NE consisting of co-infection with Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens. In Trial 1, Ross/Ross chickens were fed from hatch with a normal basal diet or a CaMM-supplemented diet with or without a fermentable fiber, an organic acid, and/or a plant extract, and co-infected with E. maxima and C. perfringens under conditions simulating clinical infection in the field. Chickens fed a diet supplemented with CaMM plus a fermentable fiber and an organic acid had increased body weight gain, reduced gut lesions, and increased serum antibody levels to C. perfringens α-toxin and NetB toxin compared with chickens fed the basal diet alone. Levels of transcripts for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α superfamily-15 were significantly altered in the intestine and spleen of CaMM-supplemented chickens compared with unsupplemented controls (p＜ 0.05). In Trial 2, Cobb/Cobb chickens were fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with CaMM or Varium ® , each with a fermentable fiber and an organic acid, and co-infected with E. maxima and C. perfringens under subclinical infection conditions. Compared with unsupplemented controls, broilers fed with CaMM plus a fermentable fiber and an organic acid had increased body weight gain, and reduced feed conversion ratio, mortality, and intestinal lesions, compared with chickens fed an unsupplemented diet (p＜0.05). Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with CaMM plus a fermentable fiber and an organic acid might be useful to control avian NE in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Montmorillonite-Based Dietary Supplement Attenuates Necrotic Enteritis Induced by Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens in Broilers

et al. 2016

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“…It is one of the most important enteric diseases in poultry and may be present as an acute clinical or subclinical disease. Its cost to the global poultry industry is estimated at about $2 billion annually, while the occurrence of subclinical necrotic enteritis is estimated to result in a 12% reduction in body weight and a 10.9% increase in feed conversion ratio compared to healthy birds (Van der Sluis, 2000;Skinner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks

et al. 2015

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Stocking density is a management factor which has critical implications for the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high stocking density as a predisposing factor in an experimental model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. The experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of Clostridium perfringens. Two hundred and forty as hatched day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups according to the following experimental design: group N, with normal stocking density (15 birds/m(2)) and no challenge; group D, with high stocking density (30 birds/m(2)) and no challenge; group P, with normal stocking density and positive challenge; and group DP, with high stocking density and positive challenge. From each bird, the intestine, gizzard and liver were collected and scored for gross lesions. The intestinal digesta was collected for pH and viscosity determination. One caecum from each bird was taken for microbiological analysis. The statistical analysis and evaluation of the experimental data revealed significant interaction effects between "stocking density" and "challenge", regarding gross lesion scores in intestine and liver, pH values in jejunum, ileum and caeca as well as C. perfringens counts in the caeca (P ≤ 0.05). High stocking density in challenged birds increased the gross lesion score in the intestine (P ≤ 0.05), contrary to unchallenged birds. It can be concluded that high stocking density affects unfavourably the welfare and gut health of broiler chicks, predisposes to necrotic enteritis in a subclinical experimental model and increases further its importance as a management factor for the poultry industry.

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“…It may be present as an acute clinical or subclinical disease (Van Immerseel et al, 2004). The occurrence of subclinical NE is estimated to result in a 12% reduction in body weight and a 10.9% increase in feed conversion ratio compared with healthy birds (Skinner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

et al. 2013

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccination on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups according to the following experimental design: control Group N; Group PN, where birds were vaccinated with anticoccidial vaccine; Group M, where birds were challenged with Clostridium perfringens and with Eimeria maxima; and Group PM, where birds were both vaccinated and challenged. From each bird, the intestine, gizzard and liver were scored for gross NE lesions. Intestinal digesta were collected for pH and viscosity determination. Samples from the gastrointestinal tract and liver were taken for microbiological analysis. Evaluation of the experimental data revealed that Group M had significantly higher overall mean NE intestinal lesions compared with Group PM. Viscosity values of jejunum digesta as well as pH values of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum digesta in Group M were significantly lower compared with Group PM. C. perfringens counts in the caeca of Group PM were significantly lower compared with Group M. The milder decrease of pH and viscosity values of intestinal content and the reduction of C. perfringens counts in the caeca in challenged and vaccinated birds may explain the lower score of NE gross intestinal lesions and may suggest a positive effect on intestinal ecosystem and a significant protective effect of attenuated anticoccidial vaccination against NE in a subclinical experimental model

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An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Subclinical (Mild) Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Calcium Montmorillonite-Based Dietary Supplement Attenuates Necrotic Enteritis Induced by <i>Eimeria maxima </i>and <i>Clostridium perfringens </i>in Broilers

Calcium Montmorillonite-Based Dietary Supplement Attenuates Necrotic Enteritis Induced by <i>Eimeria maxima </i>and <i>Clostridium perfringens </i>in Broilers

High stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks

The role of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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