An Ecological Model of Stressors Experienced by Youth Newly Diagnosed With HIV

Hosek, Sybil; Harper, Gary W.; Lemos, Diana; Martinez, Jaime

doi:10.1080/15538340902824118

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Input regarding HIV prevention programs has been sought from YMSM (Seal et al, 2000), and research has addressed the stressors of being newly diagnosed with HIV (Hosek, Harper, Lemos, & Martinez, 2008). But the sustained level of HIV infections among YMSM indicates a greater need to assess high-risk behaviors and existing HIV prevention strategies that target this demographic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Get Them While They’re Young”: Reflections of Young Gay Men Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection

Flores¹,

Blake²,

Sowell³

2011

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

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Thirty years into the epidemic, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) continue to be the largest at-risk group for HIV infection in the United States. In this qualitative study, face-to-face confidential interviews were conducted with 10 recently diagnosed YMSM. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors that may have contributed to each young man's recent HIV diagnosis and to solicit his perspectives on the design and efficacy of existing HIV prevention programs. Content analysis of the interview data revealed four major themes: personal risks, lack of relevant education, accessing the Internet, and the need for mentors. The informants in this study recommended the formulation of age-specific education interventions and the development of HIV prevention interventions that match the sophistication level and needs of today's gay youth to reduce the number of new HIV infections in YMSM.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Get Them While They’re Young”: Reflections of Young Gay Men Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection

Flores¹,

Blake²,

Sowell³

2011

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

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“…Given the uncertainty about one's own mortality and future life goals experienced by youth who are diagnosed with HIV, presenting realistic information regarding the various modes of treatment and care available for youth living with HIV would be beneficial. 57 This should also include activities that assist youth with learning how they can take control of their health outcomes by becoming truly collaborative participants in their HIV-related care. The issue of future life goals and expectations with regard to career and relationships can also be assessed in interventions through activities that assist youth in developing actions plans focused on short and longterm goals, along with strategies that youth can use to work toward those goals and confront potential barriers that they may encounter.…”

Section: Implications For Intervention Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Processes Demonstrated by Young Gay and Bisexual Men Living with HIV: Implications for Intervention

Harper

Bruce

Hosek

et al. 2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Given the increasing numbers of young gay/bisexual men (YGBM) diagnosed with HIV, it is important to understand the resilience processes enacted by this population in order to develop interventions that support their healthy development. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 54 YGBM (ages 17 to 24; 57% African American, 22% Latino) living with HIV from four geographically diverse clinics in the United States. Resilience processes clustered into four primary thematic areas: (1) engaging in health-promoting cognitive processes; (2) enacting healthy behavioral practices; (3) enlisting social support from others; and (4) empowering other young gay/bisexual men. These data suggest that YGBM living with HIV demonstrate resilience across multiple dimensions, including intrapersonal-level resilience related to individual cognitions and behaviors, as well as interpersonal-level resilience related to seeking support and providing support to others. Implications for the development of culturally-appropriate and strengths-based secondary prevention and other psychosocial interventions for YGBM living with HIV are discussed.

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“…An intense, emotional reaction is a common initial response to learning of one's infection, 33 followed by a transition to acceptance of treatment, 34 more active coping with the disease, 35 greater medical adherence, 11 and disclosure of infection to others. 36 Hosek et al 37 have proposed an empirically-based ecological model of stressors faced by youth during the first year of their HIV diagnosis. The model describes a range of stressors that may be confounded by the typical challenges of normal adolescent development, and further exacerbated by living with a highly stigmatized illness and, for some, the stigma of a nonmajority sexual orientation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38][39][40][41] Qualitative data demonstrate that the initial period of acceptance after learning of one's infection is extremely challenging for youth as they reported intense feelings of depression, isolation, and at times, suicidal ideation. 37 Acceptance of treatment, including ART, coincides with fewer psychological symptoms. Youth with perinatal infection have known of their infection and have been engaged with healthcare longer, on average, than those with behaviorally acquired HIV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Symptoms Among 2032 Youth Living with HIV: A Multisite Study

Brown

Whiteley

Harper³

et al. 2015

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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This study determined the prevalence and patterns of psychological symptoms in adolescents and young adults living with HIV (YLWH) in medical care and relationships between psychological symptoms, route and duration of infection, and antiretroviral treatment (ART). A clinic-based sample of 2032 YLWH (mean age 20.3 years), recruited from 20 adolescent medicine HIV clinics, completed a cross-sectional survey of health behaviors and psychological symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Overall, 17.5% of youth reported psychological symptoms greater than the normative threshold on the Global Severity Index. A wide variety of symptoms were reported. The prevalence of clinical symptoms was significantly greater in youth with behaviorally acquired HIV compared to those with perinatally acquired infection (20.6% vs. 10.8%, OR = 2.06 in Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR)), and in those not taking ART that had been prescribed (29. 2% vs. 18.8%, OR = 1.68 in MLR). Knowing one's HIV status for more than one year and disclosure of HIV status were not associated with fewer symptoms. A large proportion of YLWH have psychological symptoms and the prevalence is greatest among those with behaviorally acquired infection. The high rate of psychological symptoms for youth not taking ART that is prescribed is a cause for concern. Symptoms do not appear to be a transient reaction to diagnosis of HIV.

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An Ecological Model of Stressors Experienced by Youth Newly Diagnosed With HIV

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

“Get Them While They’re Young”: Reflections of Young Gay Men Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection

“Get Them While They’re Young”: Reflections of Young Gay Men Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection

Resilience Processes Demonstrated by Young Gay and Bisexual Men Living with HIV: Implications for Intervention

Psychological Symptoms Among 2032 Youth Living with HIV: A Multisite Study

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