An EcoCity model for regulating urban land cover structure and thermal environment: Taking Beijing as an example

Kuang, Wen Hui; Yang, Tian Rong; Liu, Ai Lin; Zhang, Chi; Lu, Deng; Wen, Feng

doi:10.1007/s11430-016-9032-9

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Interestingly, we found the new energy exchange mechanisms in the energy unclosed condition; the observed average R n of the buildings was 55.98±54.07 W/m 2 , greater than that of the sum of three flux components (the observed LE, H, and G) during the day, which proved to gain input from cooling horizontal advection (Figure ). Their unclosed parts derived from the horizontal advection and turbulent heat with the neighboring building/tree shadows and surrounding vegetation (Figure S1; Kuang et al, ), which provided cooling effects. Specifically, wet air from surrounding vegetation and horizontal advection water vapor affected local observed LE, and the cold air from neighboring building/tree shadows affected local H (Figure a and Table S5; Shiflett et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 2050, approximately 66% of global population will be expected to live in urban areas (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, ). As the two most important underlying elements of urban area, urban buildings and parks have substantially different effects on momentum, heat, and water vapor exchanges in land‐atmosphere interactions (Grimmond et al, ; Kuang, Liu, et al, ; Kuang et al, ; Liang et al, ; Oke et al, , ). Therefore, buildings and parks have different contributions in regulating urban microclimate phenomena, such as urban heat island (UHI; Grimm et al, ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ; Kuang, Dou, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge about the different contributions of urban buildings and parks in regulating urban climate is prerequisite for climate change predication and mitigation (Jones et al, ; Runnalls & Oke, ; Seto et al, ; Sun et al, ). A new concept of urban surface structure and thermal environment regulation reveals the mechanism between urban spatial structure and surface thermal environment (Kuang et al, ). At the same time, the land cover and land use types change the radiative and turbulent processes of the land‐atmosphere system in several ways (Miao et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Evidences on Anomalous Phenomenon of Buildings in Regulating Urban Climate From Observations in Beijing, China

Kuang

2019

Earth and Space Science

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Urban buildings and parks play an important role in regulating urban climate and ecosystem services. Diurnal air temperature range (DTRa) of rocklike buildings is commonsensically regarded as higher due to no latent heat from evapotranspiration and its smaller thermal inertia compared to wet soil. Therefore, the building DTRa is supposed to be higher than that of parks due to its building fabric. However, we found an opposite phenomenon (smaller building DTRa than that of parks), and the underlying mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear. Here we conducted, in Beijing (China), a long‐term observational campaign of standard meteorological variables and radiation/energy fluxes to provide a new valuable evidence (a part of external energy) to explain this phenomenon. The observations indicated external heat energies from horizontal advection and anthropogenic heat sources. We found a significantly lower building DTRa than that of parks (ΔDTRa =2.53±1.93 °C), with a maximum difference of 3.54±1.96 °C in autumn; which was mainly attributed to higher daily minimum air temperature. We also found the large differences in air temperature contribution between the buildings and the parks happened mainly at night. The external heat sources of the building contributed 16.71% to the nighttime air temperature, which was higher than that of the parks (8.39%). The more indoor and outdoor anthropogenic heat sources in the building footprints were the major cause of the slower decrease in Tmin. The comparison between buildings and parks can be extensively applied to analyzing the effects of urbanization on climate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Evidences on Anomalous Phenomenon of Buildings in Regulating Urban Climate From Observations in Beijing, China

Kuang

2019

Earth and Space Science

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“…Planning has favored automobile access in new development in China [7], which has meant the widening of many existing urban roads. These larger travel spaces have a thermal environment that is much less attractive to non-motorized travel [10]. In general, transport planners hold that higher speeds also allow for the possibility of greater throughput for a given channel, although this actually depends to a considerable extent on traffic density.…”

Section: Efficiency In Public Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Cycling in 2007 Was Faster than Being Driven in 2017 in Tianjin

Zacharias¹,

Sheng²

2019

JTTE

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Changes in the road environment of Tianjin were intended to speed up the traffic system and shift bicyclists to the metro, bus and car. The metro system was greatly expanded, along with a modernized bus fleet. App-based taxi services were also introduced. In 2007, travellers to the central area were intercepted to determine the starting point of their trip and their travel mode. The most time-efficient trips in 2007 were by bicycle (61%). These trips were re-enacted in 2017 using taxi and metro as it was no longer physically possible to replicate most of the original bicycle trips. Trips greater than 5 km in distance were somewhat faster by taxi than they were by bicycle, but overall, travel time by taxi was greater than by the bicycle for those same trips in 2007. A network analysis of road changes provides explanation why longer trips became more efficient while short trips became less efficient. Travel by metro alone was much longer than the other two methods, but the combination of app-based bicycles and metro would render this travel method the most efficient.

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“…Since the implementation of China's reform and opening-up policies, Beijing has experienced a rapid urbanization process and the urbanization rate reached 86.5% in 2018. The total built-up land and impervious surface areas have increased by more than 1100 and 700 km 2 , respectively, in the past 40 years [35][36][37]. Dramatic increase in impervious surface and decrease of green space have intensified the urban flood risk and amount of water-logging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying Urban Flood Regulation Priority Areas in Beijing Based on an Ecosystem Services Approach

Kuang

Sun

2020

Sustainability

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Climate change and rapid urbanization have severe impacts on urban flood regulation ecosystem services (UFRES). Quantifying the UFRES has attracted increasing attention for urban sustainable development. However, few studies have focused on how to identify urban flood regulation priority areas. In this study, we simulated urban surface runoff by using the soil conservation services-curve number model, and quantified UFRES supply and demand by using relative indicators (i.e., runoff reduction ratio and urban vulnerability) at the subdistrict scale in Beijing, China. Then, an urban flood regulation priority index was developed by integrating UFRES demand and supply, and further used to identify priority areas. The results show that the mean runoff reduction ratio in Beijing decreased from 38.70% (for a 1-year rainfall return period) to 24.74% (for a 100-year rainfall return period). Subdistricts with low UFRES supply were mainly located in the urban central area and the southeastern zone, while subdistricts with high UFRES demand were mainly located in the urban central region. Meanwhile, places with high priority for flood regulation were mainly located in the inner city, and low priority areas were mainly located in northwestern, southwestern, and northeastern Beijing. Our results also imply that the urban flood regulation priority index is an effective indicator to identify urban flood regulation priority areas. These findings could provide urban planners with a comprehensive understanding of UFRES and scientific guidance to improve them.Sustainability 2020, 12, 2297 2 of 18 impacts of storm water on human safety, infrastructure, and living environment quality in urban ecosystems, such as canopy interception by vegetation, soil water storage, and water storage capacity of wetlands and rivers [16][17][18][19][20]. Studies have reported that urban green spaces (e.g., urban parks and gardens, roads, residential green spaces) can provide flood regulation ecosystem services. For example, it was estimated that urban green space could store 88% of rainfall in Yixing, China, and vegetation types influenced the runoff regulation capacity of the city [20]. Due to the loss of urban green spaces during the urbanization process in Beijing, urban surface runoff regulation capacity decreased by 6% from 2000 to 2010 [21]. All these evidences indicate urban green spaces play an important role in enhancing the flood regulation services and improving urban resilience. UFRES is not only related to the integration of urban green-blue infrastructure, but is also affected by urban population density and the pattern of functional zones in the city [22,23].The ecosystem services-based approach is currently an important way to optimize and manage land to achieve sustainable development goals, especially in urban areas [24][25][26]. Spatial decision support tools integrating urban ecosystem services were developed to assist urban spatial planning practices [27]. The tradeoffs and synergies among different ecosystem services due to various...

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An EcoCity model for regulating urban land cover structure and thermal environment: Taking Beijing as an example

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

New Evidences on Anomalous Phenomenon of Buildings in Regulating Urban Climate From Observations in Beijing, China

New Evidences on Anomalous Phenomenon of Buildings in Regulating Urban Climate From Observations in Beijing, China

Why Cycling in 2007 Was Faster than Being Driven in 2017 in Tianjin

Identifying Urban Flood Regulation Priority Areas in Beijing Based on an Ecosystem Services Approach

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