An Eco-Friendly Method of BaTiO₃ Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Coconut Water

Abstract

BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a new coconut water-based sol-gel method using Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 and TiCl 3 as the starting salts. The influence of the amount of coconut water and calcination conditions on the barium titanate crystallization was investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The ferroelectric tetragonal single phase of BaTiO 3 was obtained in samples prepared with a ratio of coconut water volume (mL)/BaTiO 3 mass (g) of 25 : 2 and 30 : 2, calcined at 1100°C, which was confirmed by XRD measurements. Crystallites with an average size of about 31 nm for both samples were obtained, and microscopy images revealed the presence of particles in the range of 40 to 60 nm. Raman and FTIR spectra confirmed the dominant tetragonal phase of BaTiO 3 , meanwhile traces of BaCO 3 were identified in FTIR spectra.

Nanostructured LiFe5O8 by a Biogenic Method for Applications from Electronics to Medicine

“…Coconut water also finds application in nanotechnology, more particularly in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Gold [ 39 ], silver [ 40 ], BaTiO 3 [ 41 ], Y 2 O 3 :Nd 3+ [ 42 ], and superparamagnetic iron oxide [ 43 ] NPs have been synthesized using coconut water.…”

Preparation of ZnO/BaTiO3 adsorbent using Elaeagnus Angustifolia L. leaf extract and its evaluation for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions: an optimization study

“…2 . In FTIR spectrum of BaTiO 3 , a peak appeared at 511 cm -1 corresponding to a common Ti-O absorption into BaTiO 3 [ 24 ]. Additionally, a small peak at 3500 cm -1 was assigned to asymmetric and symmetric -OH bond.…”