An echelle polychromator for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy with vacuum ultraviolet wavelength coverage and charge injection device detection

Electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction in atomic absorption, atomic emission and plasma mass spectrometry—a critical review with focus on solid sampling and slurry analysis

“…ICP-OES, on the other hand, offers an improved performance for non-metals owing to the capabilities of most current instruments to monitor wavelengths down to 165 nm, thus allowing the measurement of resonance lines (which are usually more sensitive) for P or S. It appears feasible to further decrease this limit down to 120 nm, which may be beneficial for the determination of Br and Cl. 325,326 The potential of ICP-MS for the measurement of non-metals has also been implemented in recent years with the arrival of collision/reaction cells, which can minimize the effect of polyatomic interferences traditionally hampering the reliable determination of some of these elements, such as S or P. 327 These interferences are, in any case, further reduced when ETV is used for sample introduction, as discussed in sections 3.5.2 and 3.5.3, 328 making this technique appealing for ultratrace determination of some nonmetals. Finally, the use of ETV-ICP-based techniques can also offer significant improvements over ETAAS for the trace determination of very refractory elements.…”

Atomic Spectroscopy

“…Wavelength identification in the case of scans is improved through the use of a neon reference spectrum, and especially low stray-light intensities were found to result from the use of a double monochromator, as shown by measurements in ICP-AES under the presence of high concentrations of calcium in the sample solutions. Also, the use of the VUV lines in the case of an echelle spectrometer with charge injection device detection in ICP-AES has been described (110). Here a thin coating of lumogen, used as a wavelength conversion phosphor, is applied to the surface of the CID detector, and for chlorine, a detection limit of 100 ng/mL in the case of the Cl 134.724-nm line has been obtained.…”

Trends in instrumentation and data processsing in ICP-AES : Plenary Lecture

“…It is then possible to use CTDs down to 120 or 130 nm. 67,[84][85][86] Acquisition of the entire UV-visible spectra may be achieved by using: (i) full-frame 2-D CCD or CID detectors, e.g. the Varian Vista MPX and Thermo Elemental Iris, respectively; (ii) linear arrays covering the orders of diffraction of an echelle grating, e.g.…”