An Ebola virus disease model with fear and environmental transmission dynamics

Juga, M. L.; Nyabadza, Farai; Chirove, Faraimunashe

doi:10.1016/j.idm.2021.03.002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Barriers unique to the pandemic included fear of contracting the disease at the health unit and this resulted in delays in seeking health care. Fear of contracting infections is a known problem during outbreaks of infectious diseases (25). The COVID-19 pandemic posed a signi cant threat to healthcare systems worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Covid-19 on access to paediatric surgery in Teso sub-region, Eastern Uganda

Ajiko

Ekblad

Ocen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant threat to healthcare systems worldwide. Efforts to contain the pandemic, including lock-down and cancellation of elective surgery, increased barriers to healthcare. Its impact on the access to surgical care of children in less resourced contexts is not known. This study investigated how paediatric surgical services was affected during the pandemic in the Teso sub-region in Eastern Uganda. Data were collected from theatre logbooks about surgical activity before and during the pandemic (2019–2021). Data about health workers’ and parents’ experience of how access to surgical service for children was affected during the Covid-19 pandemic were collected through interviews. Total surgical procedures for children increased by 24% between 2019 (n = 1407) and 2021 (n = 1751). Procedures performed for pregnancy-related conditions increased most (58.3% increment). 12 parents and 25 health workers participated in the interviews. Using reflexive thematic analysis, two themes emerged. A reduction of surgical service delivery was expected as barriers to surgical care increased in several ways. However, the number of surgical procedures performed increased compared to before the pandemic. Many lessons were learned, and health care system was reinforced. This is an important momentum for building a resilient health care system for future challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Covid-19 on access to paediatric surgery in Teso sub-region, Eastern Uganda

Ajiko

Ekblad

Ocen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In According to previous studies, EVD-related fear influences inhabitants to act with increased caution and to resort to preventive measures against the disease. These changes in human behaviour resulting from fear of the virus may lead to a decrease in the human to human, and human to pathogen contact rates (Juga et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Ebola Virus Disease: A Multi-Site Mixed Methods Survey on Preparedness in Rwanda

Karuhije

Nkeshimana

Zakham

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The overall goal of this survey was to understand the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) -related knowledge, attitudes, and practices at individual, inter-personal, institutional, and societal levels in Rwanda. Methodology: This cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was conducted in five selected districts: Rusizi, Karongi, Rubavu, Burera and Gasabo. Quantitative data was collected from 1,010 participants using a structured questionnaire and Kobo Collect. Qualitative data was collected from 98 participants through Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussion using a semi structured interview guide. Key Findings: Among the 1,010 surveyed respondents, 56% were male, 70.3% were married, and 50% had primary education. An important finding was the high level of Ebola awareness and knowledge in all the five districts, with 99.6% reporting having previously heard of Ebola, which indicates previous awareness-raising efforts were successful. More than 54% of respondents indicated that Ebola is caused by a virus which originates from wild animal animals (42.1%). Furthermore, fever (85%), bleeding (87.7), and vomiting (40.2%) were cited as the primary signs and symptoms for Ebola. Most of the respondents were knowledgeable regarding prevention measures for Ebola. Despite this, 80% of the survey respondents had not received formal training or health education on Ebola. Most respondents (78.2%) reported having a positive attitude towards EVD survivors. Many respondents (90%) believe that the country is at risk of an EVD outbreak and about 87.8% think that they are personally at risk of contracting Ebola. Most respondents reported adopting habits that included avoiding physical contact with the patients and reducing unnecessary movements/travel throughout the Ebola-affected regions. At the community level, participants state that they participate in the sharing of Ebola-related information and reporting suspected cases to relevant authorities. Additionally, many participants know the necessary emergency contact number (114) for assistance and reporting of EVD-related information. Most respondents (97.2%) believed that it is important to be vaccinated to prevent Ebola, and around 93.3% are ready/willing to be vaccinated once the EVD vaccine is available. While the radio is the preferred source for Ebola-related information, the most trusted sources are the ministry of health and governmental institutions, such as the Rwanda Biomedical Centre. Conclusion: Our results show that there was high EVD-related knowledge and awareness among the general population in Rwanda. However, for strong public health awareness, preparedness, and protection, there is a need to implement public sensitization programmes that address EVD-related misconceptions and discriminatory attitudes toward EVD patients.

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“…The fitted parameters were obtained by fitting the model in Fig. 2 (the model without the stigma parameters) to the weekly EVD data for DRC (North and South Kivu provinces) from May 2019 to June 2020 40 , (see Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that there is no existing data for stigmatised Ebola-infected individuals. The data in 40 used for the fitting is clinical data obtained after the individuals had been tested for Ebola. However, our model considers the stigmatized infected individuals (those in the compartment) as those who because of stigma, never showed up at any hospital or testing center to be tested for the disease but remained in the community or sought health care from TCM practitioners.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of stigmatisation of Ebola survivors on the disease transmission dynamics

Juga

Nyabadza

Chirove

2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most highly stigmatised diseases in any affected country because of the disease’s high infectivity and case fatality rate. Infected individuals and most especially survivors are often stigmatised by their communities for fear of contagion. We propose and analyse a mathematical model to examine the impact of stigmatisation of Ebola survivors on the disease dynamics. The model captures both the internal stigmatisation experienced by infected individuals after witnessing survivors being stigmatised and the external stigmatisation imposed on survivors by their communities. The results obtained from our analysis and simulations show that both internal and external stigma may lead to an increase in the burden of Ebola virus disease by sustaining the number of infected individuals who hide their infection and the number of unsafe burials of deceased Ebola victims. Strategies that seek to put an end to both forms of stigmatisation and promote safe burials will therefore go a long way in averting the EVD burden.

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An Ebola virus disease model with fear and environmental transmission dynamics

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of Covid-19 on access to paediatric surgery in Teso sub-region, Eastern Uganda

Impact of Covid-19 on access to paediatric surgery in Teso sub-region, Eastern Uganda

Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Ebola Virus Disease: A Multi-Site Mixed Methods Survey on Preparedness in Rwanda

Modelling the impact of stigmatisation of Ebola survivors on the disease transmission dynamics

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