An easy method for purifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes by chlorine oxidation

Yuan, Jianmin; Chen, Xiaohua; Chen, Xianhong; Fan, Zefu; Yang, Xinguo; Chen, Zihua

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2008.05.003

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Modification of CNTs has thus led to the creation of new functional and construction materials. 11 Doping of the carbonaceous materials with non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] boron, [20][21][22][23][24] sulphur, [25][26][27][28][29] oxygen [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and halogens 11,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] has been explored over the past two decades. Modification of the carbon surface and electronic properties has also been explored but the effect of chlorine (Cl) on the morphology of carbon nanomaterials is not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that incorporation of Cl in the CNMs results in surface functionalization, [41][42][43][44] ease of purification, 40,43,45,46 increased yields [47][48][49] and surface restructuring. 49,50 The presence of chlorine atoms thus produces materials with increased inner diameters, which results in filling of CNTs with metal particles [51][52][53] and provides a chemically modified pathway to an ordered carbon product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of 'bamboo-like' structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…The pyrolysis method used for MWCNT production does not lead to ordering in the crystalline structure, and the defects facilitate the permeability of Fe ions during the cavitation process. 45,46 However, in the present investigation, we could not achieve the total removal of iron from the interior of the MWCNTs. Table 2 shows the crystallite size, evaluated by using the Sherrer equation 19 for all samples after being soaked in SBF (1.5x) for 14 and 21 days.…”

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confidence: 54%

Graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation

Rodrigues¹,

Leite²,

Cavalcanti³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) is an emergent bioceramic that shows similar chemical and crystallographic properties as the mineral phase present in bone. However, nHAp presents low fracture toughness and tensile strength, limiting its application in bone tissue engineering. Conversely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used for composite applications due to their excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties, although their hydrophobicity usually impairs some applications. To improve MWCNT wettability, oxygen plasma etching has been applied to promote MWCNT exfoliation and oxidation and to produce graphene oxide (GO) at the end of the tips. Here, we prepared a series of nHAp/MWCNT-GO nanocomposites aimed at producing materials that combine similar bone characteristics (nHAp) with high mechanical strength (MWCNT-GO). After MWCNT production and functionalization to produce MWCNT-GO, ultrasonic irradiation was employed to precipitate nHAp onto the MWCNT-GO scaffolds (at 1–3 wt%). We employed various techniques to characterize the nanocomposites, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and gas adsorption (the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method). We used simulated body fluid to evaluate their bioactivity and human osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) to evaluate cytocompatibility. We also investigated their bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . TEM analysis revealed homogeneous distributions of nHAp crystal grains along the MWCNT-GO surfaces. All nanocomposites were proved to be bioactive, since carbonated nHAp was found after 21 days in simulated body fluid. All nanocomposites showed potential for biomedical applications with no cytotoxicity toward osteoblasts and impressively demonstrated a bactericidal effect without the use of antibiotics. All of the aforementioned properties make these materials very attractive for bone tissue engineering applications, either as a matrix or as a reinforcement material for numerous polymeric nanocomposites.

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“…Doping, covalent or non-covalent polymer functionalization [3][4][5] and atomic-decoration [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] are of the most common approaches to reach these aims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and elastic properties and stability characteristics of oxygenated carbon nanotubes under physical adsorption of polymers

Ansari

Ajori

Rouhi

2015

Applied Surface Science

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An easy method for purifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes by chlorine oxidation

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation

Structural and elastic properties and stability characteristics of oxygenated carbon nanotubes under physical adsorption of polymers

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