An Easily Fabricated Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Graphene-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Octopamine and Tyramine

Abstract

A simple electrochemical sensor has been developed for highly sensitive detection of octopamine and tyramine by electrodepositing reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) nanosheets onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrocatalytic oxidation of octopamine and tyramine is individually investigated at the surface of the ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (ERGO/GCE) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Several essential factors including the deposition cycle of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and the pH of the running buffer were investigated in order to determine the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the sensor was applied to the quantification of octopamine and tyramine by DPV in the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 40 μM and 0.1 to 25 μM, respectively. In addition, the limits of detection of octopamine and tyramine were calculated to be 0.1 μM and 0.03 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensor showed good reproducibility, selectivity and stability. Finally, the sensor successfully detected octopamine and tyramine in commercially available beer with satisfactory recovery ranges which were 98.5%–104.7% and 102.2%–103.1%, respectively. These results indicate the ERGO/GCE based sensor is suitable for the detection of octopamine and tyramine.

Highly sensitive and rapid determination of sunset yellow in drinks using a low-cost carbon material-based electrochemical sensor

“…The GCE/ERGO electrode was prepared through the electrochemical reduction of GO by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), following previously described procedure [41,42,43,44]. The corresponding voltammograms display the characteristic signals for the electrodeposition of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) at the GCE surface (see Electronic Supplementary Material Fig.…”

“…This approach could be achieved via two steps, namely: (i) assembling highly dispersed GO onto electrode surface by solution deposition and ii) carrying an electrochemical reduction of deposited GO layers into electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) [32,35,36,37,38,39,40]. Recently, a much more straightforward process was proposed using a direct electrochemical reduction of GO solutions into ERGO which is (electro-)deposited onto the electrode surfaces [41,42,43,44]. The successfully prepared ERGO electrochemical sensors could be applied for determination of various substances such as phenolic compounds [41,44], biogenic amines [43], dopamine, ascorbic and uric acid [45,46], glucose [47].…”

“…Recently, a much more straightforward process was proposed using a direct electrochemical reduction of GO solutions into ERGO which is (electro-)deposited onto the electrode surfaces [41,42,43,44]. The successfully prepared ERGO electrochemical sensors could be applied for determination of various substances such as phenolic compounds [41,44], biogenic amines [43], dopamine, ascorbic and uric acid [45,46], glucose [47]. However, relatively few graphenebased electrochemical sensors have been developed for electrochemical determination of sunset yellow.…”

A Hafnium Oxide Based Voltammetric Platform for the Sensitive Determination of Octopamine

“…The value of the slope suggests the involvement of a three-proton transfer in the process of octopamine at the electrochemical platform since three-electrons are transferred. The possible three-electron and three-proton transfer reaction for octopamine at proposed platform is given in Scheme 2 [17].…”

“…Copper and Venton have recently developed a carbon-fiber microelectrode based method for detection of octopamine and the measurement of fast concentration changes [5]. Up to date, only one modified electrode was presented for the determination of octopamine based on a graphene coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [17]. Indeed, carbon based electrodes are widely utilized in various media owing to their wide potential window, low background current, chemical inertness and suitability for various analytical applications [18][19][20][21].…”