“…This approach has so far identified, for example, classes of glutamate-releasing principal neurons (Franks and Isaacson, 2006;Suzuki and Bekkers, 2006), their dendritic properties (Bathellier et al, 2009), circuits and synaptic plasticity (Franks and Isaacson, 2005;Poo and Isaacson, 2007;Johenning et al, 2009), and classes of GABA-releasing interneurons and their circuits (Young and Sun, 2009;Stokes and Isaacson, 2010;Suzuki and Bekkers, 2010a,b). We have previously reported that the main input layer of the PC, layer II, contains two functionally distinctive kinds of principal neurons, semilunar (SL) and superficial pyramidal (SP) cells (Suzuki and Bekkers, 2006).…”