“…The chronic indicators included: periostitis, tuberculosis, leprosy, treponema, degenerative spine changes, degenerative joint changes, Schmorl's nodes, and dental abscesses. These indicators were assessed using standard osteological methods (Møller- Christensen, 1961Christensen, , 1967Christensen, , 1978Bennike, 1985;Ortner, 2003;Boldsen, 2005Boldsen, , 2008Boldsen and Mollerup, 2006) and were all active at the time of death. It should be noted that there is some fluidity between these categories and the timeline of manifestation; therefore, these categories are not rigid but rather reflect the specific trends found in this Black Friars subsample.…”