An Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus Reverses the Defensive Effect of Abscisic Acid in a Susceptible Soybean Cultivar

Alazem, Mazen; Widyasari, Kristin; Kim, Kook‐Hyung

doi:10.3390/v11090879

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As was described in previous sections, ABA is a well-known phytohormonal molecule that is involved in signaling during abiotic stress responses in plants, but the knowledge about its participation in wheat and barley responses against pests and pathogens is still fragmentary. Most research in this area has been conducted on noncereal species, such as Arabidopsis [ 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 ], Solanaceae species [ 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 ] or soybean [ 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 ]. Therefore, the summary of results showing the roles of ABA in wheat and barley responses to biotic factors is important because it can adumbrate future research paths that would be worth following.…”

Section: Aba In Cereals Responses To Biotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

Gietler

Fidler

Labudda

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is well-known phytohormone involved in the control of plant natural developmental processes, as well as the stress response. Although in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) its role in mechanism of the tolerance to most common abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or extreme temperatures seems to be fairly well recognized, not many authors considered that changes in ABA content may also influence the sensitivity of cereals to adverse environmental factors, e.g., by accelerating senescence, lowering pollen fertility, and inducing seed dormancy. Moreover, recently, ABA has also been regarded as an element of the biotic stress response; however, its role is still highly unclear. Many studies connect the susceptibility to various diseases with increased concentration of this phytohormone. Therefore, in contrast to the original assumptions, the role of ABA in response to biotic and abiotic stress does not always have to be associated with survival mechanisms; on the contrary, in some cases, abscisic acid can be one of the factors that increases the susceptibility of plants to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

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Section: Aba In Cereals Responses To Biotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

Gietler

Fidler

Labudda

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…It has been verified that PP2C3a is specifically involved in Rsv3-mediated extreme resistance in an ABA-dependent manner against SMV (strain G5H) in soybean. It controls the rapid accumulation of callose at the points of G5H infection to stop virus spread (Seo et al 2014;Alazem et al 2019). All of the above evidence indicates that ABA plays an important role in R-mediated resistance against SMV and that PP2C3a might be a key gene connecting the MAPK and ABA signalling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Transcriptome-based discovery of genes and networks related to RSC3Q-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

et al. 2020

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Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a worldwide disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that can cause serious reduction in yield and seed quality. Soybean cv. Qihuang-1 is an important source of resistance to SMV in China, carrying a resistance gene (RSC3Q) against SMV strain SC3. In order to discover genes and networks regulated by RSC3Q-mediated resistance in Qihuang-1, we analysed transcriptome data of a pair of near-isogenic lines, R (RSC3Q) and S (rSC3Q), from the cross Qihuang-1 × Nannong 1138-2 (rSC3Q), after SC3 inoculation. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the R and S lines at 6, 20 and 48 h post-inoculation. Based on pathway-enrichment analysis of DEGs, three genes encoding calmodulin-like protein (Glyma03g28650, Glyma19g31395 and Glyma11g33790) with downregulated expression in the S line were identified in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway at 6 h post-inoculation. Analyses by quantitative real-time PCR were performed to verify that these three genes were not beneficial for SMV infection. Our results also revealed a complex plant-hormone signal network in RSC3Q-mediated resistance during the early stage of SMV infection. Expression of jasmonic acid repressor genes (TIFY/JAZ) and abscisic acid-induced genes (PP2C3a) was upregulated in the R line but not the S line. More DEGs related to indole-3-acetic acid were found in the R line than the S line, and no salicylic acid-related DEGs were identified. These results suggest that suppression of jasmonic acid or promotion of abscisic acid is important for RSC3Q-mediated resistance against SC3, and that salicylic acid may not act as a main regulator of RSC3Q-mediated resistance during early stages of SC3 infection. Growth and development were greatly affected through RSC3Q-mediated resistance responses after SC3 infection. Our understanding would be enhanced by identification of factors associated with RSC3Q that help to trigger the resistance response.

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“…Virus strain SMV-G7H escapes Rsv3-mediated host detection via amino acid substitutions in the cylindrical inclusion protein (Seo et al, 2009). Transcriptomic responses of the L29 soybean cultivar to SMV strains have been the focus of recent studies investigating the mechanism of extreme resistance to SMV (Seo et al, 2014;Alazem et al, 2018Alazem et al, , 2019. Alazem et al (2018) postulate that the extreme resistance response may inhibit SMV replication and spread in three successive steps: (1) virus recognition by an NLR, resulting in rapid callose deposition at the plasmodesma of infected cells; (2) dsRNA detection, which induces viral genome destruction via RNAi; and (3) clearance of remaining viral proteins via the transient induction of autophagocytosis.…”

Section: Rsv3-mediated Extreme Resistance Response In Soybean Highlights Importance Of Abscisic Acid Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data suggest that the induction of JA signaling may be important for establishing infection or may act as another layer of defense signaling. Another recent study by Alazem et al (2019) illustrated that the effects of ABA treatment can be strain-dependent in cultivars lacking the Rsv3 locus. Topical treatment of leaves with ABA reduced the severity of virulent SMV infection but promoted avirulent SMV infection in an Rsv3-lacking soybean cultivar.…”

Section: Rsv3-mediated Extreme Resistance Response In Soybean Highlights Importance Of Abscisic Acid Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Resistance to Viruses in Potato and Soybean

2021

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Plant pathogens, including viruses, negatively impact global crop production. Plants have evolved complex immune responses to pathogens. These responses are often controlled by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs), which recognize intracellular, pathogen-derived proteins. Genetic resistance to plant viruses is often phenotypically characterized by programmed cell death at or near the infection site; a reaction termed the hypersensitive response. Although visualization of the hypersensitive response is often used as a hallmark of resistance, the molecular mechanisms leading to the hypersensitive response and associated cell death vary. Plants with extreme resistance to viruses rarely exhibit symptoms and have little to no detectable virus replication or spread beyond the infection site. Both extreme resistance and the hypersensitive response can be activated by the same NLR genes. In many cases, genes that normally provide an extreme resistance phenotype can be stimulated to cause a hypersensitive response by experimentally increasing cellular levels of pathogen-derived elicitor protein(s). The molecular mechanisms of extreme resistance and its relationship to the hypersensitive response are largely uncharacterized. Studies on potato and soybean cultivars that are resistant to strains of Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) indicate that abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling and NLR nuclear translocation are important for the extreme resistance response. Recent research also indicates that some of the same proteins are involved in both extreme resistance and the hypersensitive response. Herein, we review and synthesize published studies on extreme resistance in potato and soybean, and describe studies in additional species, including model plant species, to highlight future research avenues that may bridge the gaps in our knowledge of plant antiviral defense mechanisms.

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An Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus Reverses the Defensive Effect of Abscisic Acid in a Susceptible Soybean Cultivar

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

Transcriptome-based discovery of genes and networks related to RSC3Q-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

Extreme Resistance to Viruses in Potato and Soybean

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