An autoradiographic study of calcium transport in spicule formation in the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck) (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea)

Kingsley, Roni J.; Watabe, Norimitsu

doi:10.1007/bf00218008

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The remaining 45 Ca that was detected was almost certainly bound Ca. Nevertheless, the findings of Kingsley and Watabe (1985) have been substantiated in part by a study of 45 Ca uptake in the gorgonian Corallium rubrum (Allemand and Grillo, 1992), in which it was shown that Ca 2ϩ is absorbed by tissue prior to being deposited in the skeletal structures. In this gorgonian, spicules are formed extracellularly by aggregates of scleroblasts rather than intracellularly by single scleroblasts (Grillo et al, 1993).…”

Section: Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Occurrence, distribution, and localisation of metals in cnidarians

Marshall

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The Cnidaria are simple organisms that have remarkable physiological features susceptible to microscopic investigation. As a group they produce cnidae, the most complex intracellular organelles known, form symbioses with a range of unicellular algae, contain mucocytes that account for a very substantial fraction of their body mass, and form complex skeletal structures of calcium carbonate. This review summarises contributions dealing with the distribution and localisation of metals of physiological and pathological importance within soft tissues and skeletons. Whilst there have been detailed studies of microscale metal distribution, using X-ray microanalysis, in the stinging organelles or cnidocysts and in mucocytes, other cells such as symbiotic algae and the epithelial cells have received little attention. In the skeleton-producing scleractinian corals X-ray microanalysis has provided tenuous, but persistent, evidence of Ca associated with intracellular vesicles or granules in the skeletogenic epithelium, even though the investigations were technically limited. These observations may be germane to the intriguing and intransigent problem of the mechanism of coral calcification. Metal localisation in coral skeleton at the resolution of annual growth rings has been concerned with the validity of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios as thermometers for paleoclimatic studies. It is not clear whether these ratios are influenced primarily by environmental or biological parameters. Microscale analyses by X-ray microanalysis and ion microprobe indicate a much greater variability of metal ratios which suggests biological control of metal deposition. New data are provided on the elemental composition, measured by X-ray microanalysis, of cells and cell compartments in the coral Galaxea fascicularis and zooxanthellae in the anemone Aiptasia sp. New information is also presented on changing Ca/Sr ratios at the skeletal interface in Galaxea fascicularis.

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Section: Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Occurrence, distribution, and localisation of metals in cnidarians

Marshall

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Indeed in gorgonians, calcification can be studied through the formation of spicules. These spicules are individual minute inclusions of calcium carbonate, which occur over an extended region of the animal's body and are secreted by scleroblasts in the extracellular mesoglea (Goldberg and Benayahu, 1987;Kingsley, 1984;Kingsley and Watabe, 1982). Moreover, in soft and scleractinian tropical corals, it has been shown that there is a link between photosynthesis and calcification, a process that is called light-enhanced calcification (LEC) and involves an enhancement of calcification by zooxanthellae photosynthesis (for a review, see Gattuso et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological response of the symbiotic gorgonianEunicella singularisto a long-term temperature increase

Ferrier‐Pagés

Tambutté

Zamoum

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIncrease in seawater temperature is one of the major effects of global climate change that affects marine organisms, including Cnidaria. Among them, gorgonians from the NW Mediterranean Sea, such as the species Eunicella singularis, have suffered spectacular and extensive damage. We thus investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment the response of E. singularis to a long-term increase in temperature and we took a special interest in its photosynthetic and calcification response to the stress. Two populations collected at 15 and 35 m depths were studied in order to determine whether there was a difference in sensitivity to thermal stress between living depths. Our results show: (a) that calcification and photosynthesis were impacted only when gorgonians were maintained for more than two weeks at 26°C, and (b) that colonies of E. singularis living in shallow waters were less tolerant than those living in deep waters. Because E. singularis is a symbiotic species, we have also discussed the potential role of symbiosis in the thermotolerance response.

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“…The intra-extracellular transition appears to follow either one of the two methods. As is seen in the formation of gorgonian spicules (Kingsley & Watabe, 1982b), and ossicles (Stricker, 1985;Donachy, 1984), larval spicules (Uemura & Watabe, unpublished data), spines and tests (Shimizu & Yamada, 1980) of echinoderms, the membranes of vacuoles in which mineralized structures grow come to fuse with the plasma membranes and the structures are exposed to the extracellular environment by the formation of a breach in the membranes. Further growth of the mineralized structure occurs in echinoderms in the extracellular environment.…”

Section: Intracellular Mineral Fomwtionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Extra-, Inter-, and Intracellular Mineralization in Invertebrates and Algae

Watabe

Kingsley²

1989

Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals

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ABSTRACT. Biomineralization occurs extra-, inter-or intracellularly. Almost all structures of extracellular formation are secretory products of multicellular epithelial tissues. Intracellular mineralization is most commonly seen within vacuoles and vesicles. Many of the structures formed intracellularly eventually become extracellular entities, and two methods are known for the intra-extracellular transition. Intercellular mineralization is not common.There does not seem to be standard methods of calcium transport characterizing the extra-and intracellular mineralization. However, much work is needed before conclusions may be drawn concerning the ion transport for mineralization.The majority of structures originated in vacuoles and vesicles exhibit species-specific, almost symmetrical, and highly intricate morphology. Discussion is given on several factors which have been considered to affect the morphogenesis of these structures. The presence of regularly spaced inhibitors of crystal growth in the vacuoles/vesicles is suggested as one of the possible factors controlling the morphogenesis. The intracellularly formed structures attain a uniform size characteristic for each structure at its maturity, but not much is known concerning the mechanisms to regulate the final size. Some taxa-specific neurosecretory products or analogies and/or precursors of hormonal substances could regulate the mineralization.

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An autoradiographic study of calcium transport in spicule formation in the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck) (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea)

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Occurrence, distribution, and localisation of metals in cnidarians

Occurrence, distribution, and localisation of metals in cnidarians

Physiological response of the symbiotic gorgonianEunicella singularisto a long-term temperature increase

Extra-, Inter-, and Intracellular Mineralization in Invertebrates and Algae

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