“…Common methods of virtual proctoring a couple years ago such as online video communication (Hylton, Levy, & Dringus, 2016; Weiner & Hurtz, 2017) are being replaced with more sophisticated software (Alessio et al, 2018; Daffin Jr & Jones, 2018). Still, avenues for further innovation have not been exhausted in the field of massive open online courses (MOOCs) (Li et al, 2015), heuristic‐based automatic virtual proctoring systems (Raj, Narayanan, & Bijlani, 2015), multi‐biometric systems (Fenu, Marras, & Boratto, 2018) and autonomous articulating desktop robots for proctoring (Rosen & Carr, 2013). It is thus conceivable that virtual proctoring will outperform human proctors in the near future and become the standard in online, distance and traditional education.…”